From: Measurement invariance testing of the PHQ-9 in a multi-ethnic population in Europe: the HELIUS study
 |  | Dutch | South-Asian Surinamese | African Surinamese | Ghanaians | Turks | Moroccans |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Â | 4635 | 3355 | 4428 | 2444 | 4028 | 4292 |
Mean age (sd) | Â | 46.2 (14.0) | 46.5 (13.2) | 39.9 (12.5) | 39.7 (13.0) | 44.2 (11.5) | 43.8 (13.4) |
Female gender (%) | Â | 54.1 | 53.6 | 59.6 | 61.4 | 54.9 | 62.0 |
PHQ-9 sumscore (Median [Interquartile Range]) | Men | 2 [4] | 3 [6] | 2 [4] | 1 [4] | 4 [7] | 3 [7] |
Women | 3 [5] | 4 [7] | 3 [5] | 2 [6] | 5 [8] | 5 [7] | |
Depressed mood (%) | Men | 5.8 | 14.0 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 18.8 | 18.2 |
Women | 8.5 | 22.7 | 13.4 | 9.9 | 26.4 | 22.0 | |
Significant depressed mood (%) | Men | 2.6 | 7.7 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 10.8 | 10.4 |
Women | 3.1 | 11.8 | 5.9 | 4.4 | 15.2 | 11.4 |