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Table 2 Sample characteristics by ethnicity

From: Measurement invariance testing of the PHQ-9 in a multi-ethnic population in Europe: the HELIUS study

  

Dutch

South-Asian Surinamese

African Surinamese

Ghanaians

Turks

Moroccans

N

 

4635

3355

4428

2444

4028

4292

Mean age (sd)

 

46.2 (14.0)

46.5 (13.2)

39.9 (12.5)

39.7 (13.0)

44.2 (11.5)

43.8 (13.4)

Female gender (%)

 

54.1

53.6

59.6

61.4

54.9

62.0

PHQ-9 sumscore (Median [Interquartile Range])

Men

2 [4]

3 [6]

2 [4]

1 [4]

4 [7]

3 [7]

Women

3 [5]

4 [7]

3 [5]

2 [6]

5 [8]

5 [7]

Depressed mood (%)

Men

5.8

14.0

6.4

7.2

18.8

18.2

Women

8.5

22.7

13.4

9.9

26.4

22.0

Significant depressed mood (%)

Men

2.6

7.7

3.1

4.1

10.8

10.4

Women

3.1

11.8

5.9

4.4

15.2

11.4