Table 2 Comparisons between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients and factors associated with depression (self-reported)
| Â | Â | Type 2 diabetes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  |  |  |  |  | Depression (HADS-D ≥ 8 points) | |||
|  | Depression (HADS-D ≥ 8 p) | No depression (HADS-D < 8 p) | P-valuea | COR (95% CI) | P-value | AORb (95% CI) | P-valuec | |
Age (years) | 51 (38, 58) | 48 (41, 56) | 0.77d | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.80 | – | – | |
Diabetes duration (years) | 14 (10, 20) | 10 (6, 13) | 0.066d | 1.11 (0.96–1.30) | 0.16 | – | – | |
Gender | Men | 2 (33) | 10 (56) | 0.64 | 2.5 (0.4–17.3) | 0.35 | – | – |
Women | 4 (67) | 8 (44) | ||||||
Alexithymia (TAS-20 ≥ 61 p) | 4 (67) | 2 (11) | 0.018 | 16.0 (1.7–151) | 0.016 | 15.0 (1.6–142) | 0.018 | |
Anxiety (HADS-A ≥ 8 p) | 4 (67) | 5 (28) | 0.15 | 5.2 (0.7–37.9) | 0.10 | Irrelevant | >0.99 | |
Physical inactivity | 1 (20) | 3 (19) | >0.99 | 1.1 (0.09–13.5) | 0.95 | – | – | |
Smoking | 1 (20) | 1 (6) | 0.41 | 4.0 (0.2–78.8) | 0.36 | – | – | |
High MSC (≥ 9.3 nmol/L) | 1 (17) | 8 (44) | 0.35 | 0.25 (0.02–2.59) | 0.25 | – | – | |
HbA1c (>70 mmol/mol (> 8.6%)) | 4 (67) | 4 (22) | 0.13 | 7.0 (0.9–53.2) | 0.06 | 5.8 (0.4–83.5) | 0.20 | |
Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 5 (83) | 9 (50) | 0.34 | 5.0 (0.5–51.8) | 0.18 | – | – | |
Antidepressants | 1 (17) | 1 (6) | 0.45 | 3.4 (0.2–64.7) | 0.42 | – | – | |
Clinical psychiatric diagnoses | 2 (40) | 2 (11) | 0.19 | 5.3 (0.5–54.0) | 0.16 | – | – | |
Foot complications | 3 (50) | 2 (12) | 0.089 | 7.5 (0.9–66.1) | 0.07 | 9.9 (0.6–157) | 0.10 | |
Cardiovascular complications | 2 (33) | 2 (11) | 0.25 | 4.0 (0.4–38.0) | 0.23 | – | – | |
Diabetes retinopathy | 4 (67) | 10 (56) | >0.99 | 1.6 (0.2–11.1) | 0.63 | – | – | |