Fig. 1

a Cost-effectiveness plane. Showing the change in quality adjusted life years (QALY) during 24 months follow-up in the stepped-care versus the usual care group from a societal perspective using the friction method. The red dot indicates the point estimate of the ICER, mean difference was 0.03 and €877 less costs were made in the stepped-care group. The grey dots indicate the bootstrapped cost-effects pairs reflecting the uncertainty surrounding the ICER. b Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. Showing the probability that the stepped-care intervention is cost-effective compared to the control condition from a societal perspective using the friction method in change in quality adjusted life-years (QALY) over a range of values for the maximum acceptable ceiling ratio. c Cost-effectiveness plane. Showing the percentage of major depressive and anxiety disorders prevented during 24 months follow-up in the stepped-care versus the usual care group from a societal perspective using the friction method. The red dot indicates the point estimate of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER, 17% of disorders were prevented and €877 less costs were made in the stepped-care group). The grey dots indicate the bootstrapped cost-effects pairs reflecting the uncertainty surrounding the ICER. d Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. Showing the probability that the stepped-care intervention is cost-effective compared to the control condition from a societal perspective using the friction method in preventing major depressive and anxiety disorders over a range of values for the maximum acceptable ceiling ratio