Total sample (n = 60) | Inadequate dose (n = 39) | Adequate dose (n = 21) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive urine samples | 39 (65.0%) | 31 (51.7%) | 8 (13.3%) | 0.002 |
Number of groups of abused substances | 1.6 ± 1.5 (0–4) | 2.0 ± 1.5 (0–4) | 0.9 ± 1.4 (0–4) | 0.005 |
BZD-positive | 29 (48.3%) | 24 (40.0%) | 5 (8.3%) | 0.007 |
Oxazepam | 23 (38.3%) | 19 (31.7%) | 4 (6.7%) | 0.029 |
Temazepam | 21 (35.0%) | 17 (28.3%) | 4 (6.7%) | NS |
Desmethyldiazepam | 17 (28.3%) | 15 (25.0%) | 2 (3.3%) | 0.019 |
Alprazolam | 10 (16.7%) | 9 (15.0%) | 1 (1.7%) | NS |
Clonazepam | 7 (11.7%) | 6 (10.0%) | 1 (1.7%) | NS |
Midazolam | 3 (5.0%) | 3 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Nitrazepam | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | NS |
Bromazepam | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Demoxepam | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Lorazepam | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Amphetamine-positive | 25 (41.7%) | 21 (35.0%) | 4 (6.7%) | 0.013 |
Amphetamine | 25 (41.7%) | 21 (35.0%) | 4 (6.7%) | 0.013 |
Methamphetamine | 2 (3.3%) | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Methylphenidate | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Cannabis-positive | 18 (30.0%) | 13 (21.7%) | 5 (8.3%) | NS |
Opioid-positive | 4 (6.7%) | 3 (5.0%) | 1 (1.7%) | NS |
Buprenorphine | 3 (5.0%) | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | NS |
Norbuprenorphine | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Fentanyl | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
NPS-positive | 5 (8.3%) | 5 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Alpha-PVPb | 2 (3.3%) | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
MPAc | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
PV8d | 3 (5.0%) | 3 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
N-PPM-positivee | 15 (25.0%) | 12 (20.0%) | 3 (5.0%) | NS |
Pregabalin | 10 (16.7%) | 8 (13.3%) | 2 (3.3%) | NS |
Gabapentin | 2 (3.3%) | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Quetiapine | 3 (5.0%) | 3 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Bupropion | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | NS |