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Table 4 Polydrug abuse based on LC-TOFMS urine analysesa

From: Polydrug abuse among opioid maintenance treatment patients is related to inadequate dose of maintenance treatment medicine

 

Total sample

(n = 60)

Inadequate dose

(n = 39)

Adequate dose

(n = 21)

p

Positive urine samples

39 (65.0%)

31 (51.7%)

8 (13.3%)

0.002

Number of groups of abused substances

1.6 ± 1.5

(0–4)

2.0 ± 1.5

(0–4)

0.9 ± 1.4

(0–4)

0.005

BZD-positive

29 (48.3%)

24 (40.0%)

5 (8.3%)

0.007

 Oxazepam

23 (38.3%)

19 (31.7%)

4 (6.7%)

0.029

 Temazepam

21 (35.0%)

17 (28.3%)

4 (6.7%)

NS

 Desmethyldiazepam

17 (28.3%)

15 (25.0%)

2 (3.3%)

0.019

 Alprazolam

10 (16.7%)

9 (15.0%)

1 (1.7%)

NS

 Clonazepam

7 (11.7%)

6 (10.0%)

1 (1.7%)

NS

 Midazolam

3 (5.0%)

3 (5.0%)

0 (0%)

NS

 Nitrazepam

2 (3.3%)

1 (1.7%)

1 (1.7%)

NS

 Bromazepam

1 (1.7%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

NS

 Demoxepam

1 (1.7%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

NS

 Lorazepam

1 (1.7%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

NS

Amphetamine-positive

25 (41.7%)

21 (35.0%)

4 (6.7%)

0.013

 Amphetamine

25 (41.7%)

21 (35.0%)

4 (6.7%)

0.013

 Methamphetamine

2 (3.3%)

2 (3.3%)

0 (0%)

NS

 Methylphenidate

1 (1.7%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

NS

Cannabis-positive

18 (30.0%)

13 (21.7%)

5 (8.3%)

NS

Opioid-positive

4 (6.7%)

3 (5.0%)

1 (1.7%)

NS

 Buprenorphine

3 (5.0%)

2 (3.3%)

1 (1.7%)

NS

 Norbuprenorphine

1 (1.7%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

NS

 Fentanyl

1 (1.7%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

NS

NPS-positive

5 (8.3%)

5 (8.3%)

0 (0%)

NS

 Alpha-PVPb

2 (3.3%)

2 (3.3%)

0 (0%)

NS

 MPAc

1 (1.7%)

1 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

NS

 PV8d

3 (5.0%)

3 (5.0%)

0 (0%)

NS

N-PPM-positivee

15 (25.0%)

12 (20.0%)

3 (5.0%)

NS

 Pregabalin

10 (16.7%)

8 (13.3%)

2 (3.3%)

NS

 Gabapentin

2 (3.3%)

2 (3.3%)

0 (0%)

NS

 Quetiapine

3 (5.0%)

3 (5.0%)

0 (0%)

NS

 Bupropion

2 (3.3%)

1 (1.7%)

1 (1.7%)

NS

  1. aLiquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS)
  2. bAlpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone
  3. cMethiopropamine
  4. da-PHPP or alpha-pyrrolidinoheptiophenone
  5. eNon-prescribed psychotropic medicines