Polydrug abuse among opioid maintenance treatment patients is related to inadequate dose of maintenance treatment medicine

Table 1 Psychiatric comorbid disorders and substance dependences at the start of opioid maintenance treatment^a

	Total (n = 60)	Inadequate dose, n = 39 (65.0%)	Adequate dose, n = 21 (35.0%)
Number of groups of comorbid psychiatric disorders	1.3 ± 0.70 (0–3)	1.28 ± 0.69 (0–3)	1.33 ± 0.73 (0–3)
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder	30 (50.0%)	19 (31.7%)	11 (18.3%)
Mood disorder	9 (15.0%)	5 (8.3%)	4 (6.7%)
Anxiety disorder	10 (16.7%)	6 (10.0%)	4 (6.7%)
Disorders usually first diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence^b	2 (3.3%)	2 (3.3%)	0 (0%)
Eating disorder^c	1 (1.7%)	1 (1.7%)	0 (0%)
Personality disorder	26 (43.3%)	17 (28.3%)	9 (15.0%)
Number of groups of non-opioid drug dependences	1.40 ± 0.89 (0–3)	1.41 ± 0.85 (0–3)	1.38 ± 0.97 (0–3)
Non-opioid drug dependency	51 (85.0%)	35 (58.3%)	16 (26.7%)
Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorder^d	38 (63.3%)	25 (41.7%)	13 (21.7%)
Amphetamine	19 (31.7%)	13 (21.7%)	6 (10.0%)
Cocaine	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Alcohol	12 (20.0%)	6 (10.0%)	6 (10.0%)
Cannabis	6 (10%)	2 (3.3%)	4 (6.7%)
Medications	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Polysubstance-related disorder^e	3 (5.0%)	3 (5.0%)	0 (0%)

^aAll diagnoses are made according to the DSM-IV. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients
^bOne patient with Mild Mental Retardation and one patient with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
^cOne patient with Bulimia Nervosa
^dTwo patients with pregabalin dependence
^ePolysubstance-related disorder was rated as three

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