Association of schizophrenia onset age and white matter integrity with treatment effect of D-cycloserine: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study

Takiguchi, Kazuo; Uezato, Akihito; Itasaka, Michio; Atsuta, Hidenori; Narushima, Kenji; Yamamoto, Naoki; Kurumaji, Akeo; Tomita, Makoto; Oshima, Kazunari; Shoda, Kosaku; Tamaru, Mai; Nakataki, Masahito; Okazaki, Mitsutoshi; Ishiwata, Sayuri; Ishiwata, Yasuyoshi; Yasuhara, Masato; Arima, Kunimasa; Ohmori, Tetsuro; Nishikawa, Toru

doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1410-3

Table 5 Correlation between the FA value of each brain region and DCS-effect

From: Association of schizophrenia onset age and white matter integrity with treatment effect of D-cycloserine: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study

		PANSS			SANS							BACS							EQS
		P	N	G	I	II	III	IV	V	Sumarry	Total	VM	DS	TM	SC	VFC	FVL	TOL	intra	inter	situa
middle cerebellar peduncle	r	−.014	−.242	−.023	.071	.139	−.120	−.061	−.304	−.310	−.104	.070	.344	.281	.042	−.243	−.034	.012	.081	−.414	−.375
	p	.952	.290	.922	.759	.549	.605	.793	.180	.171	.654	.769	.137	.230	.859	.302	.888	.960	.782	.141	.187
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
pontine crossing tract	r	.291	−.539 ^*	−.140	−.187	.173	.051	−.373	−.028	−.302	−.134	−.070	.365	.392	−.080	.079	.171	.180	.162	−.107	−.269
	p	.201	.012	.545	.417	.453	.827	.096	.906	.184	.563	.768	.114	.087	.738	.740	.472	.447	.581	.716	.352
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
genu of corpus callosum	r	.189	.121	.303	−.078	.148	.292	.123	.095	.072	.169	−.443	−.076	.228	−.095	−.214	−.007	.585 ^**	.066	.380	.253
	p	.412	.602	.182	.735	.522	.200	.596	.682	.756	.464	.050	.751	.334	.689	.365	.977	.007	.822	.181	.383
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
body of corpus callosum	r	.386	−.082	−.042	−.013	.358	.156	−.110	.170	.087	.161	−.102	.182	.283	.140	−.230	−.011	.460 ^*	−.073	.429	.108
	p	.084	.723	.858	.957	.111	.499	.636	.462	.708	.485	.670	.442	.226	.557	.329	.962	.041	.804	.126	.714
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
splenium of corpus callosum	r	−.444 ^*	−.432	−.574 ^**	−.439 ^*	−.115	.212	−.404	−.353	−.347	−.378	.092	.318	−.235	−.015	.121	−.136	−.202	−.325	−.182	−.163
	p	.044	.050	.007	.047	.621	.356	.069	.117	.123	.091	.699	.171	.318	.949	.611	.568	.393	.257	.534	.577
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
fornix	r	.334	.052	.146	−.089	.319	.180	−.120	.082	.082	.096	−.095	.200	.517 ^*	−.067	.017	−.062	.519 ^*	.090	.471	.412
	p	.139	.823	.529	.703	.158	.435	.605	.725	.725	.680	.689	.397	.020	.780	.942	.797	.019	.759	.089	.143
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
corticospinal tract R	r	.300	−.120	.023	−.096	.066	−.167	.063	−.132	−.141	−.099	.304	.196	.021	.197	.189	.530 ^*	−.127	.173	−.431	−.038
	p	.187	.605	.923	.678	.775	.468	.787	.567	.543	.669	.193	.408	.928	.406	.425	.016	.593	.555	.124	.898
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
corticospinal tract L	r	.129	−.023	−.013	−.055	.107	−.313	.085	−.159	−.084	−.121	.435	.200	−.045	.258	.219	.471 ^*	−.227	.161	−.278	−.053
	p	.576	.920	.955	.811	.645	.167	.713	.492	.716	.601	.056	.397	.851	.272	.353	.036	.336	.582	.335	.858
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
medial lemniscus R	r	.255	.193	−.011	−.120	.136	.193	.188	−.114	−.022	.064	.141	−.082	.249	.232	−.034	.118	.342	−.287	−.058	.131
	p	.265	.402	.961	.605	.557	.403	.414	.622	.925	.782	.553	.732	.289	.326	.885	.621	.141	.319	.844	.654
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
medial lemniscus L	r	.236	.023	−.188	−.206	.113	.066	.067	−.154	−.078	−.064	.189	.094	.219	.287	.031	.163	.308	−.270	.058	.104
	p	.303	.920	.415	.369	.625	.777	.774	.505	.736	.784	.425	.693	.354	.220	.896	.493	.186	.350	.845	.723
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
inferior cerebellar peduncle R	r	.367	−.094	−.181	.020	−.065	.324	−.040	−.043	−.082	.063	−.179	.040	.187	−.277	−.111	.131	.397	−.241	−.105	.008
	p	.102	.685	.433	.932	.780	.152	.863	.854	.723	.787	.451	.868	.430	.238	.642	.583	.083	.406	.721	.977
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
inferior cerebellar peduncle L	r	.396	−.133	−.212	.025	.121	.268	−.061	.118	.017	.146	−.105	.062	.252	−.078	.022	.268	.354	−.146	.126	.018
	p	.076	.566	.357	.915	.601	.240	.791	.610	.942	.528	.660	.796	.284	.745	.926	.254	.126	.618	.667	.952
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
superior cerebellar peduncle R	r	−.203	−.091	−.349	−.012	−.234	−.186	−.212	−.233	−.225	−.269	.296	.217	.015	.330	.083	.179	.105	−.156	−.071	−.152
	p	.376	.694	.121	.959	.307	.420	.357	.310	.327	.238	.204	.359	.949	.156	.729	.449	.660	.594	.808	.605
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
superior cerebellar peduncle L	r	−.186	−.229	−.484 ^*	−.006	−.361	−.247	−.263	−.313	−.379	−.362	.153	.245	.118	.104	.084	.174	.166	−.253	−.153	−.161
	p	.419	.319	.026	.978	.108	.280	.249	.167	.090	.107	.519	.298	.620	.662	.726	.462	.483	.384	.601	.582
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
cereberal peduncle R	r	.075	−.164	−.245	.125	−.055	.028	−.221	−.085	−.169	−.057	−.089	.178	.465 ^*	.196	.082	−.050	.049	.023	.043	.479
	p	.748	.477	.285	.590	.812	.905	.336	.716	.465	.807	.708	.452	.039	.406	.731	.833	.838	.938	.885	.083
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
cereberal peduncle L	r	−.307	−.053	−.179	−.003	−.180	.260	−.189	−.145	−.131	−.077	−.358	.074	−.013	−.048	−.016	−.129	.324	−.022	.147	.257
	p	.175	.818	.438	.989	.435	.255	.413	.532	.572	.741	.121	.758	.956	.842	.946	.587	.164	.941	.617	.375
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
anterior limb of internal capsule R	r	.189	.220	.315	.101	.054	.353	.202	.028	.157	.231	.015	−.225	.295	.325	.371	−.163	.223	−.275	.085	.354
	p	.412	.339	.165	.663	.815	.116	.380	.903	.497	.314	.950	.341	.207	.162	.107	.493	.344	.342	.772	.214
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
anterior limb of internal capsule L	r	.033	.086	.262	−.136	−.143	.310	.151	.002	−.057	.055	−.425	−.239	.083	.050	.014	−.195	.463 ^*	−.118	.070	.216
	p	.886	.710	.252	.558	.537	.171	.514	.993	.807	.813	.062	.311	.728	.834	.952	.411	.040	.689	.813	.459
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
posterior limb of internal capsule R	r	−.413	−.326	−.369	−.323	−.113	.144	−.402	−.395	−.303	−.370	−.018	.198	−.003	.258	.356	−.218	−.422	.015	−.087	.287
	p	.063	.149	.100	.154	.624	.533	.071	.076	.181	.099	.940	.403	.989	.272	.123	.356	.064	.960	.767	.320
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
posterior limb of internal capsule L	r	−.383	−.363	−.251	−.288	−.180	.153	−.177	−.394	−.239	−.302	.083	.235	−.477 ^*	.112	.193	−.098	−.433	−.223	−.216	−.141
	p	.087	.106	.272	.205	.436	.507	.444	.077	.297	.183	.728	.318	.033	.639	.416	.682	.057	.444	.459	.630
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
retrolenticular part of internal capsule R	r	−.465 ^*	.224	−.008	−.293	−.353	−.118	.064	−.377	−.270	−.352	−.153	−.380	−.105	.255	−.033	−.307	−.256	.079	−.118	.604 ^*
	p	.034	.330	.972	.197	.116	.609	.783	.092	.236	.118	.519	.098	.660	.277	.889	.188	.277	.789	.687	.022
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
retrolenticular part of internal capsule L	r	−.249	−.021	.030	−.017	.052	.167	.044	−.202	−.090	−.002	−.057	−.056	−.072	.270	−.039	.105	−.319	.418	−.095	.329
	p	.276	.927	.898	.942	.824	.469	.850	.380	.698	.993	.811	.816	.763	.249	.871	.659	.171	.137	.746	.251
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
anterior corona radiata R	r	.246	.285	.440 ^*	−.248	.045	.213	.386	−.088	−.036	.070	.082	−.189	.170	−.058	.114	−.181	.353	−.256	−.156	.218
	p	.282	.210	.046	.279	.846	.354	.084	.704	.876	.764	.731	.424	.474	.807	.631	.444	.126	.378	.594	.454
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
anterior corona radiata L	r	.052	.081	.197	−.421	.152	.257	.204	−.120	−.079	−.021	−.003	−.012	.186	−.207	.157	−.176	.129	−.117	−.045	.286
	p	.824	.727	.391	.057	.510	.260	.375	.605	.734	.928	.991	.959	.432	.381	.508	.457	.586	.690	.879	.322
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
superior corona radiata R	r	−.272	.141	−.059	.148	.045	.364	.053	−.049	.144	.176	.112	−.141	−.264	.243	.051	−.290	.042	−.385	−.044	−.075
	p	.233	.541	.798	.522	.846	.105	.820	.832	.532	.445	.640	.554	.262	.302	.831	.215	.861	.174	.880	.799
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
superior corona radiata L	r	−.100	.196	.007	−.026	.102	.398	.295	.055	.290	.247	.181	−.170	−.401	.316	−.027	−.066	−.021	−.614 ^*	−.011	−.133
	p	.668	.395	.974	.910	.661	.074	.194	.812	.202	.280	.445	.473	.080	.175	.912	.782	.932	.019	.971	.650
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
posterior corona radiata R	r	−.374	−.058	−.111	−.073	.178	.169	.067	−.137	.054	.040	−.241	−.186	−.292	.110	−.166	−.244	−.529 ^*	−.120	−.195	−.036
	p	.095	.804	.633	.754	.439	.463	.772	.552	.816	.862	.306	.433	.211	.645	.485	.300	.017	.683	.505	.904
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
posterior corona radiata L	r	−.154	.013	.021	−.006	.136	.178	.346	−.043	.174	.176	−.198	−.228	−.357	.043	−.190	−.099	−.312	−.549 ^*	−.274	−.481
	p	.505	.955	.927	.980	.557	.440	.125	.853	.451	.445	.402	.333	.123	.858	.422	.678	.180	.042	.343	.082
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
posterior thalamic radiation R	r	.238	.026	.223	−.341	.079	−.013	.198	−.265	−.259	−.147	.019	.010	.268	.137	−.202	−.118	−.135	.150	−.315	.553 ^*
	p	.298	.910	.331	.130	.733	.955	.389	.245	.257	.525	.936	.965	.253	.565	.393	.619	.570	.609	.272	.040
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
posterior thalamic radiation L	r	.183	.443 ^*	.571 ^**	−.010	−.005	.147	.598 ^**	−.008	.111	.219	−.195	−.389	.016	.107	−.352	−.113	.275	.039	−.094	.353
	p	.427	.044	.007	.965	.983	.526	.004	.972	.633	.340	.409	.090	.946	.653	.128	.634	.241	.895	.748	.216
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
sagittal stratum R	r	.190	−.045	.224	−.240	.262	−.029	.186	−.014	−.106	.019	−.025	.085	.521 ^*	.254	.010	.030	−.048	.369	.131	.615 ^*
	p	.410	.848	.328	.295	.251	.899	.419	.953	.647	.934	.916	.721	.019	.280	.967	.900	.840	.194	.656	.019
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
sagittal stratum L	r	.191	.080	.170	−.301	.318	−.118	.224	−.015	−.078	−.005	.064	.178	.596 ^**	.061	−.088	−.140	.285	.110	.231	.355
	p	.406	.731	.462	.185	.160	.610	.329	.947	.736	.981	.789	.453	.006	.799	.713	.555	.224	.708	.428	.212
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
external capsule R	r	.300	.167	.059	−.027	.172	−.030	.076	.097	−.112	.082	−.032	−.182	.515 ^*	.253	−.217	−.049	.559 ^*	−.019	.179	.461
	p	.186	.469	.800	.908	.455	.896	.743	.677	.629	.723	.894	.442	.020	.283	.357	.836	.010	.949	.541	.097
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
external capsule L	r	.179	.166	.083	.095	.172	.023	.041	.229	−.020	.181	−.235	−.184	.386	.002	−.205	−.180	.702 ^**	−.051	.291	.228
	p	.437	.471	.721	.681	.456	.923	.860	.319	.932	.432	.319	.437	.092	.994	.386	.448	.001	.862	.313	.432
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
cingulum (cingulate gyrus) R	r	.455 ^*	.164	.080	.116	−.028	−.032	.227	.195	−.023	.166	−.098	−.029	.584 ^**	.078	−.111	.169	.869 ^**	−.041	.211	.221
	p	.038	.477	.732	.618	.904	.891	.322	.396	.922	.472	.680	.903	.007	.743	.641	.476	.000	.890	.470	.448
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
cingulum (cingulate gyrus) L	r	.481 ^*	.126	.307	.169	−.098	−.037	.323	.099	−.148	.161	−.259	−.216	.575 ^**	.003	−.159	−.159	.664 ^**	−.152	−.126	.185
	p	.027	.587	.176	.463	.672	.873	.153	.669	.523	.486	.270	.361	.008	.989	.503	.503	.001	.605	.669	.527
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
cingulum (hippocampus) R	r	.196	.095	.036	−.029	−.202	−.203	.041	−.204	−.268	−.185	−.166	−.087	.543 ^*	.084	.048	−.084	.370	−.068	−.001	.382
	p	.395	.682	.878	.900	.380	.378	.862	.376	.240	.422	.483	.715	.013	.724	.839	.724	.109	.816	.998	.178
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
cingulum (hippocampus) L	r	.187	−.183	−.229	.141	−.064	−.220	−.104	−.050	−.130	−.080	−.150	.100	.291	.141	.061	.046	.403	−.215	.170	−.035
	p	.417	.426	.318	.541	.784	.339	.655	.830	.574	.730	.527	.676	.214	.553	.797	.848	.078	.461	.562	.905
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
fornix stria terminalis R	r	.451 ^*	−.032	.097	.031	−.061	−.043	−.115	.070	−.252	−.027	−.059	−.056	.668 ^**	.014	.088	.013	.357	.219	−.132	.561 ^*
	p	.040	.892	.675	.893	.794	.852	.618	.763	.271	.909	.805	.813	.001	.955	.711	.956	.122	.451	.654	.037
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
fornix stria terminalis L	r	.267	.103	.084	.104	.127	.371	−.198	.159	−.006	.182	−.312	−.136	.472 ^*	−.147	−.119	−.138	.581 ^**	.206	.171	.429
	p	.243	.656	.716	.652	.583	.098	.391	.491	.980	.430	.180	.569	.036	.537	.618	.563	.007	.481	.559	.126
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
superior longitudinal fasciculus R	r	−.025	.033	−.121	−.270	.052	.310	−.173	−.117	−.151	−.087	−.061	.074	.361	.200	.105	.201	.483 ^*	.061	.116	.420
	p	.913	.888	.603	.237	.821	.172	.453	.614	.514	.707	.798	.757	.118	.397	.658	.396	.031	.835	.692	.135
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
superior longitudinal fasciculus L	r	−.262	.218	−.103	−.147	.228	.260	.123	−.033	.233	.107	.099	−.007	.020	.311	.025	.295	.091	.132	.412	.287
	p	.252	.343	.658	.524	.320	.256	.595	.887	.310	.643	.679	.978	.933	.183	.917	.207	.703	.652	.143	.320
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
superior front occipital fasciculus R	r	−.260	.213	.212	.003	−.117	.328	.135	−.163	−.016	.054	−.136	−.261	−.095	.126	−.144	−.435	−.036	−.248	−.156	.370
	p	.255	.354	.357	.991	.613	.147	.559	.479	.945	.817	.567	.266	.689	.596	.546	.056	.881	.392	.595	.192
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
superior front occipital fasciculus L	r	−.484 ^*	−.185	−.129	−.116	−.135	.398	−.085	−.114	−.009	−.023	−.220	−.040	−.397	.145	.188	−.051	−.494 ^*	.050	−.053	.196
	p	.026	.422	.577	.617	.558	.074	.715	.622	.970	.922	.350	.868	.083	.541	.428	.831	.027	.866	.858	.503
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
uncinate fasciculus R	r	.286	.159	.047	.004	.133	−.072	−.054	−.038	−.044	−.017	.122	.020	.489 ^*	.366	−.045	.104	.485 ^*	.064	.372	.496
	p	.210	.490	.838	.987	.565	.756	.818	.871	.848	.941	.608	.934	.029	.113	.849	.662	.030	.827	.191	.071
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
uncinate fasciculus L	r	.187	.271	.170	.167	.096	.027	.157	.153	.048	.198	.045	−.263	.219	.223	−.136	−.049	.484 ^*	−.032	.291	.298
	p	.416	.234	.462	.470	.678	.908	.496	.508	.836	.390	.850	.263	.355	.344	.568	.837	.031	.913	.313	.300
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
tapetum R	r	.128	−.075	−.095	−.280	.302	.288	−.088	−.211	−.117	−.043	.046	.021	.185	.161	−.196	−.144	−.155	−.066	−.242	.176
	p	.580	.745	.683	.219	.183	.206	.705	.359	.612	.853	.848	.930	.436	.498	.408	.545	.514	.822	.404	.548
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14
tapetum L	r	.077	.106	.021	.151	.054	.426	.018	−.023	.029	.197	.107	−.172	−.100	−.130	−.339	−.367	.117	−.495	−.294	−.259
	p	.740	.648	.928	.515	.817	.054	.940	.920	.902	.392	.652	.468	.674	.584	.144	.111	.624	.072	.307	.370
	n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	14	14	14

r, Pearson’s correlation coefficient; *. p < 0.05 **. p < 0.01; R right, L left, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, SANS Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, BACS Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, VM verbal memory, DS digit sequencing task, TM token motor task, SC symbolic coding, VFC verbal fluency of category, VFL verbal fluency of letter, TOL tower of London, EQS Emotional Intelligence Scale, intra intrapersonal domain, inter interpersonal domain, situa situational domain; Data in bold indicate they are significant values

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