Table 1 Main characteristics of included studies
Study | Study design | Sample size (IA/control) | Source of IA cases | Mean age of subjects (years) | Definition of IA | Definition of ADHD | Prevalence of ADHD | Symptom severity of ADHD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chen, 2015Taiwan | Cohort study | 131/1022 | grade 3 and 5 and grade 8 students in Northern Taiwan | N.R. | CIAS | SNAP-IV | N.R. | SNAP-IV (inattention, Hyp-Imp) |
Cheng, 2014Taiwan | Cross-sectional | 339/1282 | incoming students at National Cheng Kung University | N.R. | CIAS-R | ASRS | IA:42.5%control:15.2% | N.R. |
Cho, 2008South Korea | Cross-sectional | 125/561 | child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics of two medical centers | N.R. | IAT | CASS: short | N.R. | CASS |
Dalbudak, 2014Turkey | Cross-sectional | 159/112 | students from Turgut Ozal University | N.R. | IAS | ASRS | N.R. | ASRS(inattention, Hyp-Imp) |
Dalbudak, 2015Turkey | Cross-sectional | 64/518 | from two universities | 20.99 | BAPINT-SV | ASRS | N.R. | ASRS (inattention, Hyp-Imp) |
Hyun, 2015South Korea | Cross-sectional | 255/153 | who visited the Online Game Clinic Center at OO University Hospital | 20.69 | CIAS | K-ARS | N.R. | K-ARS |
Jelenchick, 2014the US | Cross-sectional | N.R. | older adolescents aged 18 to 25Â years from a nutritional sciences course at a public university | 19.7 | PRIUSS | ASRS | N.R. | N.R. |
Ko, 2008Taiwan | Cross-sectional | 87/129 | respondents to an advertisement regarding internet usage | 21.5 | DC-IA-C | semi-structured Diagnostic Tool based on the DSM-IV | IA:32.2% control:8.5% | N.R. |
Ko, 2009Taiwan | Cohort study | 276/1572 | 7th grade students from 10 junior high schools | 12.4 | CIAS | ADHDS | IA:19.5%control:10.1% | N.R. |
Metin, 2015Turkey | Cross-sectional | 61/710 | students from three different high schools | 16.9 | CIAS | Adult ADD/ADHD Diagnostic and Assessment Inventory based on the DSM-IV | IA:36.1%control:9.6% | Adult ADD/ADHD Diagnostic and Assessment Inventory |
Sofia, 2016Sweden | Cross-sectional | N.R. | from the child and adolescent psychiatric clinics, or community sample | 14.07 | GAIT | ASRS-A | N.R. | N.R. |
Yen, 2007Taiwan | Cross-sectional | 338/1552 | 3 of 33 senior high schools, and 7 of 20 vocational high schools | 16.26 | CIAS | ADHDS | N.R. | ADHDS |
Yen, 2009Taiwan | Cross-sectional | 338/2281 | students from 8 colleges | 20.46 | CIAS | ASRS | IA:20.7%control:8.3% | ASRS (inattention, Hyp-Imp) |
Yen, 2016Taiwan | Cross-sectional | 87/87 | advertisements in University campuses and bulletin board systems | 23.34 | DSM-5 | DSM-IV-TR | IA:39.1%control:4.6% | N.R. |
Yoo, 2004South Korea | Cross-sectional | 80/455 | elementary school students | 11.1 | IAT | K-ARS | IA:22.5%control:8.1% | K-ARS (inattention, Hyp-Imp) |