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Table 4 Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for self-reported anxiety in females aged 16–71 years in Sweden in 1980/81–2004/05, estimated using mixed models with random intercepts

From: Longitudinal trends in self-reported anxiety. Effects of age and birth cohort during 25 years

 

Unadjusted model

Adjusted model

Variable

Category

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Fixed effects

     

Rate of change

     

OR by age1

Age centered at 42 years

1.04

1.03–1.05

1.05

1.04–1.06

Agec*cohortc

 

0.998

0.997–0.999

0.998

0.997–0.999

Agec-squared

 

0.998

0.997–0.999

0.998

0.997–0.999

OR by cohort2

Cohort centered at 1950

1.03

1.02–1.04

1.03

1.02–1.04

Education level

High

  

1

Reference

Intermediate

  

0.93

0.76–1.15

Low

  

1.29

1.04–1.59

Urbanization

Large cities

  

1

Reference

Medium towns

  

0.95

0.78–1.15

Small towns

  

0.80

0.65–0.98

Marital status

Married/cohabiting

  

1

Reference

All others

  

1.81

1.53–2.14

Smoking

Non-smokers

  

1

Reference

Daily smokers

  

1.61

1.35–1.93

Leisure time physical activity

More than once a week

  

1

Reference

None to once a week

  

1.43

1.24–1.65

Body mass index

Normal

  

1

Reference

Overweight

  

1.04

0.87–1.25

Obesity

  

1.31

0.97–1.77

Variance components

Variance

Standard error

Variance

Standard error

 

Var (cons)

3.39

0.29

2.98

0.27

  1. Agec, age-centered; cohortc, cohort-centered
  2. Agec*cohortc represents interaction
  3. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  4. 1OR by increasing age and 2OR by later/younger cohort
  5. Unadjusted model included agec, cohortc, the age-by-cohort interaction, and age-squared
  6. Adjusted model also included education level, urbanization, marital status, smoking, leisure time physical activity, and body mass index