Table 3 Methods of detecting anxiety and summary of prevalence and heterogeneity findings
Tool | Definition/cutoff | No. of studies | No. of participants | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Heterogeneity I2, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DSM and/or ICD for anxiety disorder | Â | 5 | 663 | 37 (12, 63) | 98.3 |
HADS | ≥8 | 10 | 1332 | 40 (30, 49) | 93.0 |
21 Item-BAI | ≥8 | 2 | 313 | 71 (51, 91) | 94 |
|  | ≥16 | 2 | 313 | 48 (39, 56) | 59.2 |
|  | ≥26 | 2 | 313 | 18 (14, 22) | 0 |
HAS | ≥6 | 1 | 126 | 75 (67, 82) | - |
|  | ≥14 | 1 | 62 | 37 (25, 49) | - |
|  | ≥15 | 1 | 126 | 27 (19, 35) | - |
| Â | >17 | 1 | 71 | 24 (14, 34) | - |
Cattell questionnaire | ≥21 | 1 | 166 | 85 (79, 90) | - |
SCL-90-R | Â | 1 | 97 | 4 (0, 8) | - |
Zung SAS | >44 | 1 | 81 | 17 (9, 26) | - |
|  | ≥50 | 1 | 156 | 21 (14, 27) | - |