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Table 1 Comparison of the characteristics of the study sample

From: Association between CHADS2 score, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in a general population

Variable

All (n = 11,060)

Depressive symptoms

P value

No or mild (n = 10,390)

Moderate or severe (n = 670)

Age, years

53.9 ± 10.5

53.7 ± 10.5

57.1 ± 10.2

<0.001

Male

5080 (45.9)

4898 (47.1)

182 (27.2)

<0.001

BMI, kg/m2

24.8 ± 3.7

24.8 ± 3.7

24.5 ± 3.8

0.050

SBP, mmHg

141.6 ± 23.3

141.5 ± 23.2

143.5 ± 25.5

0.051

DBP, mmHg

82.0 ± 11.7

82.0 ± 11.7

82.2 ± 11.8

0.603

FBG, mmol/L

5.91 ± 1.62

5.90 ± 1.61

6.09 ± 1.76

0.006

TC, mmol/L

5.24 ± 1.09

5.23 ± 1.08

5.31 ± 1.18

0.124

TG, mmol/L

1.63 ± 1.47

1.62 ± 1.47

1.75 ± 1.51

0.030

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.41 ± 0.38

1.41 ± 0.38

1.40 ± 0.40

0.601

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.93 ± 0.82

2.92 ± 0.82

2.96 ± 0.89

0.290

Serum uric acid, umol/L

292 ± 85

292 ± 85

289 ± 90

0.344

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

92.8 ± 15.9

93.1 ± 15.7

88.6 ± 18.3

<0.001

Current smoker

3886 (35.1)

3693 (35.5)

193 (28.8)

<0.001

Current drinker

2474 (22.4)

2402 (23.1)

72 (10.7)

<0.001

Education level

   

<0.001

  ≤ Primary school

5539 (50.1)

5095 (49.0)

444 (66.3)

 

 Middle school

4491 (40.6)

4296 (41.3)

195 (29.1)

 

  ≥ High school

1030 (9.3)

999 (9.6)

31 (4.6)

 

Family income, CNY/year

   

<0.001

  ≤ 5000

1379 (12.5)

1209 (11.6)

170 (25.4)

 

 5000–20,000

6025 (54.5)

5655 (54.4)

370 (55.2)

 

  > 20,000

3656 (33.1)

3526 (33.9)

130 (19.4)

 

Physical activity

   

<0.001

 Low

3263 (29.5)

2953 (28.4)

310 (46.3)

 

 Moderate

7164 (64.8)

6830 (65.7)

334 (49.9)

 

 High

633 (5.7)

607 (5.8)

26 (3.9)

 

Sleep duration, h/day

7.3 ± 1.7

7.3 ± 1.6

6.2 ± 2.1

<0.001

Congestive heart failure

102 (0.9)

78 (0.8)

24 (3.6)

<0.001

Hypertension

5623 (50.8)

5234 (50.4)

389 (58.1)

<0.001

Age ≥ 75 years

332 (3.0)

297 (2.9)

35 (5.2)

0.001

Diabetes mellitus

1154 (10.4)

1051 (10.1)

103 (15.4)

<0.001

Stroke

976 (8.8)

848 (8.2)

128 (19.1)

<0.001

CHADS2 score

0.83 ± 0.96

0.80 ± 0.94

1.20 ± 1.25

<0.001

WHOQOL-BREF domain

    

 Physical health

15.1 ± 2.3

15.4 ± 2.1

11.5 ± 2.5

<0.001

 Psychological

14.5 ± 2.4

14.8 ± 2.2

10.7 ± 2.6

<0.001

 Social relationships

14.6 ± 2.1

14.7 ± 2.0

13.0 ± 2.4

<0.001

 Environment

13.5 ± 2.1

13.6 ± 2.1

11.7 ± 2.1

<0.001

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or n (%)
  2. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CNY China Yuan, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high density lipid cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipid cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, WHOQOL-BREF the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale