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Table 3 Percentage of population reporting depression in past 30 days, World Health Survey, 2002–03

From: Association between depression and fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in South Asia

Variables

Bangladesh

India

Nepal

 

Severe-extreme

Mild-moderate

Severe-extreme

Mild-moderate

Severe-extreme

Mild-moderate

 

14.7

44.7

11.9

33.3

17.2

36.4

Age

18–29

15.1

12.7

17.2

18.4

10.4

18.2

30–39

18.2

12.1

20.1

15.2

10.2

21.9

40–49

17.2

22.6

19.3

18.4

18.4

20.9

50–59

17.4

25.8

13.7

23.5

27.6

15.5

60+

32.2

26.8

29.7

24.5

33.4

23.6

p

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Sex

Female

71.8

61.0

64.4

56.2

60.0

65.1

Male

28.2

39.0

35.6

43.8

40.0

34.9

p

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.002 < 0.001

Currently married

Yes

33.5

20.5

26.4

21.2

15.5

20.5

No

66.5

79.5

73.6

78.8

84.5

79.5

p

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001 0.003

<0.001

<0.001

Educational attainment

Nil

54.6

46.0

55.7

46.3

61.2

75.0

Primary

37.7

42.6

28.0

29.1

26.1

18.9

Secondary

6.1

8.9

12.1

18.6

11.9

5.9

Pre-university/University

1.7

2.5

4.2

6.0

0.9

0.2

p

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Employment status

Govt. employee

1.5

2.9

1.9

3.5

2.7

2.3

Private employee

2.5

4.7

6.3

9.1

1.8

1.5

Employer

23.4

35.4

35.9

39.1

68.9

62.6

Not working for payment

72.6

57.0

55.9

48.3

26.6

33.5

p

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Smoking habit

Daily

49.0

52.9

60.4

62.8

57.3

51.2

Yes. not daily

5.0

4.9

2.7

3.7

6.1

6.4

Non-smoker

46.0

42.2

36.9

33.5

36.6

42.4

p

0.017 < 0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001 0.032

Alcohol

No

10.3

5.5

9.9

11.3

32.7

40.3

Yes

89.7

94.5

90.1

88.7

67.3

59.7

p

<0.001

<0.001

0.294

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Satisfaction with health

Very dissatisfied

16.9

6.4

12.7

4.8

4.9

6.7

Dissatisfied

28.2

21.2

32.6

20.5

17.5

26.0

Neither

27.8

36.2

24.4

29.1

25.4

30.7

Satisfied

22.8

30.6

26.1

40.8

48.5

33.9

Very Satisfied

4.2

5.6

4.2

4.8

3.7

2.6

p

<0.001 < 0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Fruit consumption

<5

94.8

95.5

95.1

95.6

92.8

89.8

5

3.6

2.2

2.2

2.1

5.7

7.7

5+

1.7

2.3

2.7

2.3

1.6

2.5

P

0.068

<0.001

<0.001 0.169

<0.001 0.001

Vegetable consumption

<5

88.9

85.9

95.2

94.3

96.2

97.4

5

3.3

4.0

1.2

1.7

2.2

1.2

5+

7.7

10.1

3.6

4.0

1.6

1.4

P

<0.001 0.135

<0.001 0.03

<0.001 0.15