From: Association between depression and fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in South Asia
Variables | Bangladesh | India | Nepal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Severe-extreme | Mild-moderate | Severe-extreme | Mild-moderate | Severe-extreme | Mild-moderate | |
14.7 | 44.7 | 11.9 | 33.3 | 17.2 | 36.4 | |
Age | ||||||
18–29 | 15.1 | 12.7 | 17.2 | 18.4 | 10.4 | 18.2 |
30–39 | 18.2 | 12.1 | 20.1 | 15.2 | 10.2 | 21.9 |
40–49 | 17.2 | 22.6 | 19.3 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 20.9 |
50–59 | 17.4 | 25.8 | 13.7 | 23.5 | 27.6 | 15.5 |
60+ | 32.2 | 26.8 | 29.7 | 24.5 | 33.4 | 23.6 |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 71.8 | 61.0 | 64.4 | 56.2 | 60.0 | 65.1 |
Male | 28.2 | 39.0 | 35.6 | 43.8 | 40.0 | 34.9 |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 < 0.001 | |
Currently married | ||||||
Yes | 33.5 | 20.5 | 26.4 | 21.2 | 15.5 | 20.5 |
No | 66.5 | 79.5 | 73.6 | 78.8 | 84.5 | 79.5 |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Educational attainment | ||||||
Nil | 54.6 | 46.0 | 55.7 | 46.3 | 61.2 | 75.0 |
Primary | 37.7 | 42.6 | 28.0 | 29.1 | 26.1 | 18.9 |
Secondary | 6.1 | 8.9 | 12.1 | 18.6 | 11.9 | 5.9 |
Pre-university/University | 1.7 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Employment status | ||||||
Govt. employee | 1.5 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.3 |
Private employee | 2.5 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 9.1 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
Employer | 23.4 | 35.4 | 35.9 | 39.1 | 68.9 | 62.6 |
Not working for payment | 72.6 | 57.0 | 55.9 | 48.3 | 26.6 | 33.5 |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Smoking habit | ||||||
Daily | 49.0 | 52.9 | 60.4 | 62.8 | 57.3 | 51.2 |
Yes. not daily | 5.0 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 6.1 | 6.4 |
Non-smoker | 46.0 | 42.2 | 36.9 | 33.5 | 36.6 | 42.4 |
p | 0.017 < 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 0.032 | ||
Alcohol | ||||||
No | 10.3 | 5.5 | 9.9 | 11.3 | 32.7 | 40.3 |
Yes | 89.7 | 94.5 | 90.1 | 88.7 | 67.3 | 59.7 |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.294 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction with health | ||||||
Very dissatisfied | 16.9 | 6.4 | 12.7 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 6.7 |
Dissatisfied | 28.2 | 21.2 | 32.6 | 20.5 | 17.5 | 26.0 |
Neither | 27.8 | 36.2 | 24.4 | 29.1 | 25.4 | 30.7 |
Satisfied | 22.8 | 30.6 | 26.1 | 40.8 | 48.5 | 33.9 |
Very Satisfied | 4.2 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 2.6 |
p | <0.001 < 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Fruit consumption | ||||||
<5 | 94.8 | 95.5 | 95.1 | 95.6 | 92.8 | 89.8 |
5 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 5.7 | 7.7 |
5+ | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 2.5 |
P | 0.068 | <0.001 | <0.001 0.169 | <0.001 0.001 | ||
Vegetable consumption | ||||||
<5 | 88.9 | 85.9 | 95.2 | 94.3 | 96.2 | 97.4 |
5 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.2 |
5+ | 7.7 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
P | <0.001 0.135 | <0.001 0.03 | <0.001 0.15 |