Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

• Age 18–45 years

• Free of any major medical condition

• Normal ocular function

• Gestational age between 10 to 15 weeks at time of screening

• Written informed consent

• Diagnosis of bipolar I or II disorder (DSM-5)

• Recent history (less than 6 months) or current major depression or an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score > 12 at time of inclusion

• Any psychotic episode, substance abuse, recent history of suicide attempt (less than 12 months)

• Use of antidepressants or other pharmacologic treatments for depression in the last 6 months

• Intrauterine fetal death