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Table 3 Comparisons of seven scale scores between undergraduates with and without PSU

From: Prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone use in a large random sample of Chinese undergraduates

Scale

Non-PSU: \( \overline{\mathrm{X}} \) ±SD

PSU: \( \overline{\mathrm{X}} \) ±SD

Non-PSU: median (Q25; 75)

PSU: median (Q25; 75)

Test value: Z

p

CFMPS

79.11 ± 14.03

85.20 ± 15.27

79 (69; 89)

83 (77; 97)

−5.33

<0.001

CFMPS-CM

11.66 ± 4.82

14.47 ± 5.21

11 (8; 15)

14 (10; 18)

−7.46

<0.001

CFMPS-DA

11.77 ± 3.56

13.97 ± 3.31

12 (9; 14)

14 (12; 16)

−8.07

<0.001

CFMPS-PS

17.39 ± 4.98

17.95 ± 5.02

17.50 (14; 21)

18 (15; 22)

−1.41

0.160

CFMPS-OR

24.35 ± 4.30

23.18 ± 4.67

25 (22; 28)

23 (20; 27)

−3.50

<0.001

CFMPS-PE

13.94 ± 4.61

15.62 ± 4.53

14 (11; 17.75)

16 (13; 19)

−4.73

<0.001

SDS

35.03 ± 7.68

39.38 ± 8.32

34 (29; 40)

40 (34; 46)

−7.15

<0.001

SAS

33.34 ± 6.61

37.69 ± 8.76

32 (29; 37)

37 (30.75; 44)

−6.67

<0.001

PSS-10

23.62 ± 5.63

27.36 ± 5.48

24 (20; 27)

28 (25; 30)

−6.78

<0.001

  1. PSU problematic smartphone use, CFMPS Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale; CFMPS-CM CFMPS-Concern over Mistakes subscale, CFMPS-DA CFMPS-Doubts about Actions subscale, CFMPS-PS CFMPS-Personal Standards subscale, CFMPS-OR CFMPS-Organization subscale, CFMPS-PE CFMPS-Parental Expectations subscale, SDS Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, SAS Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, PSS-10 Perceived Stress Scale-10 item