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Table 1 Included study characteristics

From: Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Source

Participants

Screening of subclinical depression

Conditions

Primary outcome

Secondary outcome

Follow-up (months)

n of sessions

Frequency

Support

Buhrman et al. [39]

Patients with chronic pain for more than 3 months

MADRS-S ≥ 10, PRIME-MD

1.iCBT (n = 28) 2.WL (n = 24)

MADRS BAI

PDI

ASI

PCS

QOLI

CPAQ

CSQ

MPI

12

8

Once a week

Tailored treatment made by therapists;

Weekly feedback email on homework from therapists;

Weekly reminder from the platform

Buntrock et al. [36]

Employees (>18 years)

CES-D ≥ 16 Without suicidal risk, No MDD and bipolar disorder

1.iCBT (n = 202) 2.AC (n = 204)

CES-D

SF-12 MCS

PCS

PSMS

PSWQ

6

6

Once or twice a week

Weekly email contact with therapists

Buntrock et al. [40]

Employees (>18 years)

CES-D ≥ 16 Without suicidal risk, No MDD and bipolar disorder

1.iCBT (n = 202) 2.AC (n = 204)

CES-D

SF-12 MCS

PCS

PSMS

PSWQ

12

6

Once or twice a week

Weekly email contact with therapists

Imamura et al. [34]

Employees (>18 years)

No MDD and bipolar disorder (CIDI)

1.i-CBT (n = 381) 2.WL (n = 381)

BDI-II

K6

DAS

3,6

6

Once a week

Weekly feedback email on homework from therapists;

Weekly reminder from the platform

Mullin et al. [35]

Adults (>18 years)

Self-identified depressive symptoms without suicidal ideas, PHQ-9 ≤ 19, No psychotic mental illness (MINI)

1. iCBT (n = 31) 2.WL (n = 24)

PHQ-9

GAD-7

K-10

SDS

3

5

Once a week

Weekly email/phone contact with therapists;

Weekly reminder from the platform

Phillips et al. [31]

Employees (>18 years)

PHQ-9: Scored 2 or more on five of the 9 items, including Item 1 or Item 2

1.iCBT (n = 171) 2.AC (n = 188)

WSAS

PHQ-9

CORE10

GAD-7

1.5

5

Once a week

No support

Proudfoot et al. [37]

Adults (18–75 years)

27 ≤ DASS ≤ 63; without suicidal thoughts, attempts and psychotic symptoms

1. iCBT (n = 242)

2.AC (n = 248) 3.WL (n = 230)

DASS-depression

WSAS

DASS-anxiety DASS-stress

3

10

Once a week

Weekly phone contact with therapists;

Regular reminder from the platform

Spek et al. [25]

Elderly (50–75 years)

EDS ≥ 12 Without psychiatric disorder (CIDI)

1.iCBT (n = 102) 2.gCBT (n = 99) 3.WL (n = 100)

EDS

BDI

 

-

10

Once a week

No support

Spek et al. [33]

Elderly (50–75 years)

EDS ≥ 12

Without psychiatric disorder (CIDI)

1. iCBT (n = 102) 2.gCBT (n = 99) 3.WL (n = 100)

EDS

BDI

 

12

10

Once a week

No support

Titov et al. [41]

Elderly (≥60 years)

Self-identified depressive symptoms

1. iCBT (n = 27) 2.WL (n = 25)

PHQ-9

GAD-7

3, 12

5

Once a week

Tailored treatment selected by the system

  1. Note: AC attention control, ASI Anxiety Sensitivity Index, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, CES-D Centre of Epidemiology Studies-Depression, CIDI Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CORE10 Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation, CPAQ Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, CSQ Coping Strategies Questionnaire, DASS The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, DAS The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, EDS Edinburgh Depression Scale, gCBT group cognitive behavioural therapy, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 items, GHQ general health questionnaire, iCBT internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy, K-6 Kessler’s 6-item psychological distress scale, K-10 Kessler’s 6-item psychological distress scale, MADRS Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, MINI Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, MPI Multidimensional Pain Inventory, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PDI Pain Disability Index, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire, PSMS Pearlln Mastery Scale, PSWQ Penn State Worrying Questionnaire,QOLI Quality of Life Inventory, SDS Sheehan Disability Scales, SF-12 MCS SF-12 Health Survey Mental Health Composite Subscale, SF-12 PCS SF-12 Health Survey Physical Health Composite Subscale, WSAS The Work and Social Adjustment Scale, WL waiting list