Skip to main content

Table 3 Frequency of adverse drug events according to drug class

From: The epidemiology of adverse drug events and medication errors among psychiatric inpatients in Japan: the JADE study

Drug Class

ADEs, n (%)

(n = 955)

Preventable ADEs, n (%)

(n = 166)

Non-preventable ADEs, n (%)

(n = 789)

Potential ADEs, n (%)

(n = 186)

Intercepted potential ADEs, n (%)

(n = 23)

Non-intercepted potential ADEs, n (%) (n = 163)

Antibiotics

10 (1.0)

0 (0)

10 (1.3)

2 (1.1)

0 (0)

2 (1.2)

Antihypertensives

14 (1.5)

3 (1.8)

11 (1.4)

7 (3.8)

1 (4.3)

6 (3.7)

Cardiovascular drugs

8 (0.8)

1 (0.6)

7 (0.9)

12 (6.5)

2 (8.7)

10 (6.1)

Anticoagulants

9 (0.9)

2 (1.2)

7 (0.9)

1 (0.5)

0 (0)

1 (0.6)

Antihyperlipidemics

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Antidiabetics

10 (1.0)

2 (1.2)

8 (1.0)

9 (4.8)

1 (4.3)

8 (4.9)

Peptic ulcer drugs

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Laxatives

40 (4.2)

10 (6.0)

30 (3.8)

7 (3.8)

0 (0)

7 (4.3)

NSAIDs

6 (0.6)

0 (0)

6 (0.8)

7 (3.8)

0 (0)

7 (4.3)

Antiallergic agents

2 (0.2)

0 (0)

2 (0.3)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Electrolytes or fluids

58 (6.1)

50 (30.1)

8 (1.0)

21 (11.3)

1 (4.3)

20 (12.3)

Chinese herbal medicines

2 (0.2)

0 (0)

2 (0.3)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Sedatives (benzodiazepine)

66 (6.9)

28 (16.9)

38 (4.8)

53 (28.5)

0 (0)

53 (32.5)

Sedatives (other)

15 (1.6)

4 (2.4)

11 (1.4)

5 (2.7)

1 (4.3)

4 (2.5)

Anxiolytics

31 (3.2)

6 (3.6)

25 (3.2)

5 (2.7)

2 (8.7)

3 (1.8)

Antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI, NaSSA)

58 (6.1)

2 (1.2)

56 (7.1)

4 (2.2)

3 (13.0)

1 (0.6)

Antidepressants (other)

62 (6.5)

6 (3.6)

56 (7.1)

1 (0.5)

1 (4.7)

0 (0)

Mood stabilizers

45 (4.7)

14 (8.4)

31 (3.9)

4 (2.2)

2 (8.7)

2 (1.2)

Antipsychotics (atypical)

323 (33.8)

32 (19.3)

291 (36.9)

34 (18.3)

6 (26.1)

28 (17.2)

Antipsychotics (typical)

125 (13.1)

4 (2.6)

121 (15.3)

1 (0.5)

0 (0)

1 (0.6)

Anticonvulsants

8 (0.8)

1 (0.6)

7 (0.9)

3 (1.6)

0 (0)

3 (1.8)

Anti-parkinsonian drugs

24 (2.5)

0 (0)

24 (3.0)

1 (0.5)

0 (0)

1 (0.6)

Anti-dementia medicines

5 (0.5)

0 (0)

5 (0.6)

1 (0.5)

1 (4.3)

0 (0)

Other drugs

32 (3.4)

1 (0.6)

31 (3.9)

8 (4.3)

2 (8.7)

6 (3.7)

Psychiatric drugsa

762 (79.8)

97 (58.4)

665 (84.3)

112 (60.2)

16 (69.6)

96 (58.9)

Non-psychiatric drugsb

193 (20.2)

69 (41.6)

124 (15.7)

74 (39.8)

7 (30.4)

67 (41.1)

All drugs

955 (100)

166 (100)

789 (100)

186 (100)

23 (100)

163 (100)

  1. ADEs adverse drug events, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, NaSSA noradrenergic and specific serotonin antidepressants
  2. aPsychiatric drugs include: sedatives (benzodiazepine), sedatives (other), anxiolytics, antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI, NaSSA), antidepressants (other), mood stabilizers, antipsychotics (atypical), antipsychotics (typical), anticonvulsants, anti-parkinsonian drugs and anti-dementia medicines
  3. bNon-psychiatric drugs include: antibiotics, antihypertensives, cardiovascular drugs, anticoagulants, antihyperlipidemics, antidiabetics, peptic ulcer drugs, laxatives, NSAIDs, antiallergic agents, electrolytes or fluids, Chinese herbal medicines and other drugs