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Table 3 Associations between ADHD and maternal smoking during pregnancy

From: Prenatal smoking exposure and neuropsychiatric comorbidity of ADHD: a finnish nationwide population-based cohort study

 

Frequencies

OR (95 % CI)

Maternal smoking status

Cases n (%)

Controls n (%)

Unadjusted

Adjusteda

Not smoking during pregnancy

7068 (69.7 %)

33,158 (84.7 %)

Reference

Reference

Smoking during pregnancy (Yes/No)

3064 (30.3 %)

5653 (15.3 %)

2.44 (2.32–2.58)

1.75 (1.65–1.86)

Smoking after first trimester

2839 (28.1 %)

5043 (13.7 %)

2.54 (2.41–2.68)

1.81 (1.71–1.93)

Smoking only during first trimester

225 (2.2 %)

610 (1.7 %)

1.66 (1.41–1.94)

1.25 (1.05–1.48)

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aAdjusted for maternal and paternal psychiatric history, maternal substance use history, maternal and paternal age at birth, maternal socioeconomic status, birth weight for gestational age, number of previous births and maternal marital status