Table 3 Drugs associated with psychosis – logistic regression analysis

Tryptamines

7 (0.1)

4 (57.1)

20.1

4.5 – 90.0

< 0.001

12.4

2.3 – 65.2

0.003

2 (0.1)

2 (100)

MDPV

22 (0.4)

6 (27.3)

5.7

2.2 – 14.6

< 0.001

6.5

2.2 – 19.2

0.001

2 (0.1)

2 (100)

Methylphenidate

26 (0.5)

6 (23.1)

4.5

1.8 – 11.3

0.001

3.9

1.5 – 10.2

0.006

5 (0.2)

2 (40.0)

LSD

86 (1.6)

18 (20.9)

4.1

2.4 – 7.0

< 0.001

3.1

1.8 – 5.5

< 0.001

27 (1.3)

7 (25.9)

Amphetamine

593 (10.7)

87 (14.7)

3.1

2.4 – 4.0

< 0.001

3.0

2.3 – 4.0

< 0.001

136 (6.7)

44 (32.4)

Methamphetamine

186 (3.4)

21 (11.3)

2.0

1.2 – 3.1

0.005

2.3

1.4 – 3.8

0.001

44 (2.2)

8 (18.2)

Psilocybe mushrooms^a

16 (0.3)

3 (18.8)

3.5

0.98 – 12.2

0.054

2.2

0.60 – 8.0

0.24

6 (0.3)

1 (16.7)

SCRA

26 (0.5)

4 (15.4)

2.7

0.93 – 8.0

0.066

1.8

0.61 – 5.4

0.29

17 (0.8)

3 (17.6)

Cannabis

904 (16.4)

90 (10.0)

1.9

1.5 – 2.4

< 0.001

1.5

1.2 – 2.0

0.002

216 (10.6)

31 (14.4)

Z-drugs

106 (1.9)

8 (7.5)

1.2

0.59 – 2.5

0.59

1.4

0.68 – 3.1

0.34

16 (0.8)

-

Fentanyl

47 (0.9)

4 (8.5)

1.4

0.50 – 3.9

0.53

1.3

0.44 – 3.9

0.64

10 (0.5)

2 (20.0)

Tramadol

34 (0.6)

3 (8.8)

1.4

0.44 – 4.7

0.55

1.3

0.39 – 4.7

0.64

5 (0.2)

1 (20.0)

Crack

136 (2.5)

6 (4.4)

0.68

0.30 – 1.6

0.36

1.1

0.45 – 2.5

0.89

24 (1.2)

3 (12.5)

Cocaine

957 (17.3)

56 (5.9)

0.91

0.68 – 1.2

0.54

0.93

0.68 – 1.3

0.65

164 (8.1)

11 (6.7)

Pregabalin

79 (1.4)

4 (5.1)

0.79

0.29 – 2.2

0.65

0.92

0.31 – 2.8

0.88

3 (0.1)

-

Mephedrone

245 (4.4)

14 (5.7)

0.90

0.52 – 1.6

0.70

0.90

0.50 – 1.6

0.72

72 (3.5)

4 (5.6)

Buprenorphine

89 (1.6)

6 (6.7)

1.1

0.47 – 2.5

0.86

0.90

0.36 – 2.2

0.82

16 (0.8)

1 (6.3)

Ketamine

128 (2.3)

5 (3.9)

0.60

0.24 – 1.5

0.27

0.59

0.23 – 1.5

0.26

12 (0.6)

-

MDMA

461 (8.3)

20 (4.3)

0.66

0.41 – 1.0

0.073

0.58

0.36 – 0.95

0.030

59 (2.9)

-

Benzodiazepines

1011 (18.3)

34 (3.4)

0.47

0.33 – 0.67

< 0.001

0.53

0.36 – 0.78

0.001

79 (3.9)

2 (2.5)

Methedrone

92 (1.7)

3 (3.3)

0.50

0.16 – 1.6

0.24

0.49

0.15 – 1.6

0.24

21 (1.0)

1 (4.8)

GHB/GBL

710 (12.8)

25 (3.5)

0.51

0.34 – 0.77

0.001

0.38

0.25 – 0.59

< 0.001

215 (10.6)

4 (1.9)

Methadone

248 (4.5)

6 (2.4)

0.36

0.16 – 0.81

0.014

0.34

0.14 – 0.80

0.014

38 (1.9)

1 (2.6)

Heroin

1344 (24.3)

21 (1.6)

0.19

0.12 – 0.29

< 0.001

0.18

0.11 – 0.28

< 0.001

564 (27.8)

8 (1.4)

Other cathinones

20 (0.4)

4 (20.0)

3.8

1.2 – 11.3

0.019

3.0

0.97 – 9.4

0.057

10 (0.5)

1 (10.0)

Other amphetamine derivatives

27 (0.5)

4 (14.8)

2.6

0.90 – 7.6

0.078

1.8

0.57 – 5.5

0.33

4 (0.2)

2 (50.0)

Other stimulants

36 (0.7)

5 (13.9)

2.4

0.94 – 6.4

0.068

2.0

0.75 – 5.3

0.17

8 (0.4)

3 (37.5)

Other hallucinogens

55 (1.0)

8 (14.5)

2.6

1.2 – 5.5

0.015

2.3

1.0 – 5.1

0.040

20 (1.0)

3 (15.0)

Ethanol^b

2145 (38.8)

105 (4.9)

0.66

0.53 – 0.84

< 0.001

0.54

0.42 – 0.69

< 0.001

-

-

Other opioids

204 (3.7)

5 (2.5)

0.36

0.15 – 0.89

0.031

0.30

0.12 – 0.75

0.010

51 (2.5)

-

Total

5529 (100)^c

348 (6.3)

2030 (100)

159 (7.8)