The relative efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analytical evaluation of randomized controlled trials

Table 3 Meta-analyses of the efficacy of different types of treatment at post-treatment regarding clinical significance and dropout

Treatments	k	RR	p	Q	p	I ²
Cognitive behavior therapy (all)	11(7)	0.95 [0.83, 1.08]	.453	11.47	.322	0 % (0–47 %)
	15	1.20 [0.86, 1.68]	.281	24.17	.044	43 % (0–67 %)
Trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy with exposure (subgroup)	7	1.00 [0.85, 1.17]	.994	8.22	.223	0 % (0-94 %)
	10	1.26 [0.79, 2.01]	.341	18.73	.028	61 % (0-92 %)
Exposure	–	–	–	–	–	–
	7	1.12 [0.69, 1.79]	.666	3.01	.808	0 % (0–43 %)
Prolonged exposure	7(5)	1.13 [0.84, 1.52]	.415	16.05	.014	67 % (19–83 %)
	7	1.25 [0.76, 2.03]	.380	11.19	.083	39 % (0–75 %)
Exposure + prolonged exposure	9(6)	1.13 [0.89, 1.43]	.312	18.58	.017	58 % (13–79 %)
	14	1.22 [0.90, 1.67]	.201	14.91	.313	16 % (0–46 %)
EMDR	6(3)	1.06 [0.76, 1.48]	.733	14.51	.013	67 % (22–85 %)
	6	0.83 [0.53, 1.28]	.397	5.27	.384	0 % (0–77 %)
Present-centered therapies	–	–	–	–	–	–
	6	0.77 [0.33, 1.80]	.554	14.56	.012	82 % (22–85 %)
TF vs. non-TF	6(4)	1.31 [0.95, 1.79]	.095	9.69	.084	46 % (0–77 %)
	9	1.01 [0.53, 1.92]	.981	28.90	.0003	79 % (40–95 %)

Note. k = number of comparisons, with regards to clinical significance (first line), the number in parentheses refers to the number of comparisons that were based on recovery rates; RR = risk ratio; Q = statistic of effect size heterogeneity. RRs and I ² are presented alongside their 95 % confidence intervals. RR > 1 signifies a higher rate of clinical significant change/dropout for the type of treatment of interest compared to all other available treatments, RR < 1 signifies a lower rate. Per type of treatment, values in the first line pertain to clinical significance (i.e., recovery rates or rates of patients improved), values in the second line to dropout

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