Table 2 Comparison between low or moderate service users and high service users of general practitioners and psychiatrists by individuals with substance use disorders (n = 4,407) between April 1, 2003 and March 31, 2005

Predisposing factors

Sex

0.065

0.119

 Female

360 (30.6 %)

1 269 (42.2 %)

83 (36.9 %)

 Male

815 (69.4 %)

1 738 (57.8 %)

142 (63.1 %)

Age group

0.002

0.424

 up to 30 years

353 (30.0 %)

621 (20.7 %)

51 (22.7 %)

 30 to 49 years

613 (52.2 %)

1 702 (56.6 %)

119 (52.9 %)

 50-64 years

187 (15.9 %)

578 (19.2 %)

43 (19.1 %)

 65 years and above

22 (1.9 %)

106 (3.5 %)

12 (5.3 %)

Enabling factors

Neighborhood characteristics

Population density (per km²)

7,218.6 ± 3,013.8

7,048.3 ± 2,877.3

6,494.9 ± 2,957.0

0.007

0.024

1^st quintile of neighborhood material deprivation

23.07 ± 21.56

21.02 ± 20.63

22.02 ± 20.11

0.582

0.567

5^th quintile of neighborhood material deprivation

23.54 ± 20.78

23.91 ± 20.30

23.54 ± 20.78

0.400

0.833

1^st quintile of neighborhood social deprivation

5.63 ± 9.09

5.12 ± 8.08

6.12 ± 8.96

0.547

0.147

5^th quintile of neighborhood social deprivation

50.60 ± 23.39

51.63 ± 23.35

50.40 ± 24.40

0.924

0.537

% of men

48.44 ± 1.69

48.40 ± 1.74

48.33 ± 1.65

0.462

0.650

% of persons aged up to 30

37.28 ± 2.76

37.16 ± 2.68

36.94 ± 2.65

0.163

0.347

% of persons aged 30-49

16.33 ± 2.69

16.21 ± 2.59

15.86 ± 2.42

0.048

0.117

% of persons aged 50-64

16.96 ± 1.61

17.06 ± 1.50

17.33 ± 1.50

0.010

0.033

% of persons 65 years and over

14.14 ± 3.33

14.26 ± 3.35

14.55 ± 3.20

0.158

0.305

% of recent immigrants

7.27 ± 3.41

7.02 ± 2.93

6.84 ± 2.88

0.149

0.472

Level of neighborhood social fragmentation

6.11 ± 4.43

6.07 ± 4.32

5.69 ± 4.28

0.282

0.295

Distance to the ARC (in km)

1.60 ± 0.87

1.65 ± 0.84

1.57 ± 0.93

0.624

0.212

Number of alcohol outlets with video lottery terminal

18.80 ± 8.13

18.80 ± 7.97

19.08 ± 8.21

0.699

0.675

Number of alcohol outlets without video lottery terminal

175.1 ± 83.41

171.4 ± 77.72

167.26 ± 83.02

0.295

0.528

Health services utilization

Consulted other medical professionals

838 (71.3 %)

2 721 (90.5 %)

221 (98.2 %)

<.001

<.001

Number of programs used in the ARC

<.001

0.002

 1

1 064 (90.6 %)

2 449 (81.4 %)

170 (75.6 %)

 2 to 3

110 (9.4 %)

531 (17.7 %)

48 (21.3 %)

 4 to 5

1 (0.0 %)

27 (0.9 %)

7 (3.1 %)

Duration of care episode at the ARC

0.074

0.125

 Less than one year

691 (60.9 %)

1 575 (55.7 %)

124 (58.5 %)

 One year

253 (22.3 %)

652 (23.0 %)

44 (20.8 %)

 Two years

93 (8.2 %)

305 (10.8 %)

19 (9.0 %)

 Three years

42 (3.7 %)

133 (4.7 %)

17 (8.0 %)

 Four years and more

55 (4.9 %)

165 (5.8 %)

8 (3.8 %)

Duration in the program in the ARC (in years)

0.310

0.214

 Less than one year

825 (70.2 %)

2 013 (66.9 %)

161 (71.6 %)

 One year

209 (17.8 %)

573 (19.1 %)

40 (17.8 %)

 Two years

70 (6.0 %)

199 (6.6 %)

14 (6.2 %)

 Three years

24 (2.0 %)

87 (2.9 %)

7 (3.1 %)

 Four years and more

47 (4.0 %)

135 (4.5 %)

3 (1.3 %)

Need factors

Diagnoses of substance abuse

221 (18.8 %)

1 528 (50.8 %)

190 (84.4 %)

<.001

<.001

Alcohol abuse

70 (6.0 %)

1 216 (40.4 %)

149 (66.2 %)

<.001

<.001

Drug abuse

156 (13.3 %)

868 (28.9 %)

171 (76.0 %)

<.001

<.001

Concomitant drug and alcohol abuse

17 (1.5 %)

493 (16.4 %)

122 (54.2 %)

<.001

<.001

Schizophrenia

8 (0.7 %)

334 (11.1 %)

113 (50.2 %)

<.001

<.001

Mood disorder

42 (3.6 %)

792 (26.3 %)

146 (64.9 %)

<.001

<.001

Anxiety disorder

199 (16.9 %)

1 965 (65.4 %)

212 (94.2 %)

<.001

<.001

Personality disorder

16 (1.4 %)

481 (16.0 %)

117 (52.0 %)

<.001

<.001

Number of mental disorders

<.001

<.001

 0

954 (81.2 %)

842 (28.0 %)

4 (1.8 %)

 1

179 (15.2 %)

1 123 (37.4 %)

33 (14.7 %)

 2

40 (3.4 %)

737 (24.5 %)

60 (26.7 %)

 3

2 (0.2 %)

245 (8.2 %)

77 (34.2 %)

 4

0 (0.0 %)

60 (2.0 %)

51 (22.7 %)

Number of physical comorbidity

<.001

<.001

 0

895 (76.2 %)

1 433 (47.7 %)

56 (24.9 %)

 1 to 2

262 (22.3 %)

1 266 (42.1 %)

107 (47.6 %)

 3 to 5

18 (1.5 %)

283 (9.4 %)

49 (21.8 %)

 6 and over

0 (0.0 %)

25 (0.8 %)

13 (5.8 %)

Concomitant substance and mental disorders

58 (4.9 %)

1 191 (39.6 %)

186 (82.7 %)

<.001

<.001

Concomitant substance and physical disorders

51 (4.3 %)

844 (28.1 %)

144 (64.0 %)

<.001

<.001

Concomitant mental and physical disorders

56 (4.8 %)

1 158 (38.5 %)

167 (74.2 %)

<.001

<.001

Concomitant substance, mental and physical disorders

11 (0.9 %)

660 (21.9 %)

142 (63.1 %)

<.001

<.001