Table 2 Clinical characteristics of categories with number of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms in the general population (N = 5303), in weighted average predicted probabilities adjusted for gender and age (%)

3-year mental disorders

Any mood disorder

8.4

3.76 [2.87,4.66]

14.46 [11.87,17.04]

36.18 [27.74,44.62]

58.00 [40.27,75.74]

.000a,b,c,d,e

 Major depression

7.5

3.45 [2.63,4.28]

13.52 [11.03,16.01]

30.67 [23.21,38.12]

40.53 [24.86,56.20]

.000a,b,c,d,e

 Dysthymia

0.7

0.03 [–0.03,0.09]

1.41 [0.32,2.49]

3.93 [–0.90,8.77]

5.41 [–1.55,12.38]

.000a,b,c

 Bipolar disorder

0.8

0.31 [0.03,0.58]

0.80 [0.18,1.41]

4.53 [1.61,7.45]

15.74 [4.60,26.88]

.000b,c,d,e

Any anxiety disorder

7.9

4.87 [3.88,5.87]

11.95 [8.60,15.31]

25.01 [18.37,31.65]

40.25 [27.24,53.27]

.000a,b,c,d,e

 Panic disorder

1.9

0.88 [0.41,1.36]

3.81 [1.89,5.73]

4.38 [2.42,6.34]

11.58 [2.12,21.04]

.000a,b,c

 Agoraphobia

0.4

0.29 [–0.01,0.60]

0.33 [0.09,0.57]

2.86 [–0.04,5.76]

3.35 [–0.55,7.25]

.004b,c,d,e

 Social phobia

2.5

1.15 [0.57,1.74]

3.82 [2.16,5.48]

11.95 [6.62,17.28]

19.94 [4.97,34.91]

.000a,b,c,d,e

 Specific phobia

3.5

2.68 [1.87,3.49]

4.71 [2.87,6.55]

7.41 [3.86,10.96]

13.15 [4.49,21.80]

.000b,c

 GAD

1.6

0.77 [0.43,1.10]

2.77 [1.36,4.19]

6.89 [3.19,10.60]

5.32 [–0.80,11.44]

.000a,b,c,d

Any substance use disorder

5.7

3.82 [2.88,4.76]

7.40 [5.49,9.31]

18.58 [11.80,25.36]

31.32 [17.46,45.17]

.000a,b,c,d,e

 Alcohol abuse

3.6

3.05 [2.18,3.92]

4.73 [3.04,6.41]

4.32 [1.49,7.15]

3.47 [–3.20,10.14]

.030

 Alcohol dependence

0.9

0.24 [0.08,0.39]

1.12 [0.56,1.69]

7.27 [2.79,11.75]

19.23 [2.23,36.23]

.000a,b,c,d,e

 Drug abuse

0.9

0.60 [0.14,1.07]

1.03 [0.18,1.88]

2.57 [–0.10,5.23]

8.16 [–0.33,16.65]

.003c,e

 Drug dependence

0.6

0.08 [–0.00,0.16]

0.74 [0.23,1.25]

5.72 [0.30,11.14]

8.44 [–0.32,17.19]

.000a,b,c,d,e

Any mental disorder

17.4

10.96 [9.59, 12.33]

25.97 [22.10, 29.84]

57.18 [48.11,66.26]

74.76 [62.99,86.53]

.000a,b,c,d,e

3-year suicidal behaviour

2.4

0.94 [0.48,1.40]

3.61 [2.13,5.08]

14.63 [8.03,21.23]

29.87 [16.37,43.38]

.000a,b,c,d,e

Vulnerability to mental disorders

Childhood abuse

27.3

22.83 [21.28,24.38]

35.31 [31.76,38.85]

48.63 [40.20,57.06]

58.12 [42.01,74.23]

.000a,b,c,d,e

Lifetime mental health problems of parents

31.4

28.58 [26.32,30.83]

36.07 [32.36,39.78]

42.05 [34.32,49.77]

65.90 [54.73,77.06]

.000a,b,c,e,f