Perceived inadequate care and excessive overprotection during childhood are associated with greater risk of sleep disturbance in adulthood: the Hisayama Study

Table 4 ORs for sleep disturbance by combinations of the parenting styles by the same sex parent

Parenting style ^a	No. of participants	No. with sleep disturbance	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Parenting style ^a	No. of participants	No. with sleep disturbance	OR (95 % CI)	p value	OR (95 % CI)	p value	OR (95 % CI)	p value
HC-LO	250	51	1.00		1.00		1.00
LC-LO	86	25	1.66 (0.93–2.95)	0.08	1.62 (0.90–2.91)	0.1	1.28 (0.69–2.39)	0.4
HC-HO	100	31	1.90 (1.11–3.26)	0.02	1.85 (1.07–3.22)	0.03	1.83 (1.03–3.26)	0.04
LC-HO	266	96	2.24 (1.48–3.41)	<0.001	1.98 (1.29–3.05)	0.002	1.42 (0.89–2.27)	0.1

HC-LO High Care-Low overprotection, LC-LO Low Care-Low Overprotection, HC-HO High Care-High overprotection, LC-HO Low Care-High Overprotection
^aMen categorized by the father’s parenting styles and women by the mother’s parenting styles
Model 1: Adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors (age, sex, marital status, educational level, subjective economic level, occupation, current drinking, current smoking, and habitual exercise.)
Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 + physical factors (Obesity, hypertension, diabetes, past history of cardiovascular disease, past history of cancer, past history of respiratory disease, past history of digestive disease, and current pain symptom.)
Model 3: Adjusted for Model 2 + depressive symptom as a psychological factor

ISSN: 1471-244X