Table 3 Predictors of past-year nonmedical prescription drug abuse, EU-Meds, 2014
From: Nonmedical use of prescription drugs in the European Union
Stimulants | Opioids | Sedatives | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.8 %a (0.4)b N = 22,070 | 5.0 %a (0.5)b N = 22,070 | 5.8 %a (0.7)b N = 22,070 | |||||||
O.R. | 95 % C.I. | P-Value | O.R. | 95 % C.I. | P-Value | O.R. | 95 % C.I. | P-Value | |
Country | |||||||||
Great Britain | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Denmark | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 | .001 | 0.7 | 0.5–0.9 | .015 | 0.7 | 0.5–0.9 | .006 |
Germany | 0.5 | 0.4–0.7 | <.001 | 0.5 | 0.4–0.6 | <.001 | 0.5 | 0.4–0.7 | <.001 |
Spain | 0.6 | 0.4–0.8 | .003 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.4 | .383 | 1.7 | 1.3–2.1 | <.001 |
Sweden | 0.7 | 0.5–0.9 | .032 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.8 | .001 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.7 | .029 |
Wald Chi-Square (DF)-P | Chi = 4.2, 4df, P = .002 | Chi = 19.3, 4df, P < .001 | Chi = 39.3, 4df, P < .001 | ||||||
Sex | |||||||||
Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Female | 0.5 | 0.3–0.8 | .002 | 0.7 | 0.6–0.9 | <.000 | 0.8 | 0.7–0.9 | .008 |
Age, years | |||||||||
12–17 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
18–29 | 3.6 | 2.3–5.7 | <.001 | 3.4 | 2.3–4.9 | <.001 | 5.5 | 3.5–8.2 | <.001 |
30–49 | 2.5 | 1.6–4.0 | <.001 | 3.6 | 2.5–5.3 | <.001 | 5.4 | 3.6–8.2 | <.001 |
Wald Chi-Square (DF)-P | Chi = 15.5, 2df, P = <.001 | Chi = 24.0, 2df, P = <.001 | Chi = 33.7, 2df, P = <.001 | ||||||
Prescribed (outcome drug)c | |||||||||
No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Yes | 7.8 | 6.1–10.2 | <.001 | 8.8 | 7.3–10.6 | <.001 | 10.5 | 8.6–12.6 | <.001 |
Serious Psych Distress | |||||||||
No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Yes | 4.5 | 3.5–5.8 | <.001 | 3.2 | 2.6–3.9 | <.001 | 4.2 | 3.5–5.0 | <.001 |
ADHD Dx | |||||||||
No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Yes | 9.5 | 7.2–12.5 | <.001 | 3.5 | 2.6–4.6 | <.001 | 5.1 | 3.9–6.5 | <.001 |
Sexually Transmitted Disease | |||||||||
No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Yes | 7.2 | 4.8–10.9 | <.001 | 4.6 | 3.1–6.9 | <.001 | 3.9 | 2.7–5.6 | <.001 |
HIV | |||||||||
No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Yes | 15.1 | 7.7–29.3 | <.001 | 18.9 | 10–34 | <.001 | 12.2 | 6.5–22.7 | <.001 |
Arrested < Age 15 | |||||||||
No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
Yes | 2.6 | 2.1–3.5 | <.001 | 2.9 | 1.9–2.7 | <.001 | 2.1 | 1.8–2.5 | <.001 |