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Table 6 Association of common psychosocial stressors with Depersonalization-Derealization-Syndrome after multivariate adjustment

From: A case series of 223 patients with depersonalization-derealization syndrome

“Bothered a lot” by any of the following problems in the last 4 weeks:

DDS (n = 223)

Only Depressed Group (n = 1129)

Age and sex adjusted OR (95 % CI), p

a) Worrying about your health

61.6 % (135)

63.1 % (685)

1.23 (0.89, 1.69), p = 0.204

b) Your weight or how you look

27.3 % (60)

39.9 % (433)

0.93 (0.92, 0.95), p = 0.003

c) Little or no sexual desire or pleasure during sex

24.1 % (52)

33.6 % (355)

0.83 (0.58, 1.19), p = 0.312

d) Difficulties with husband/wife, partner/lover or boyfriend/girlfriend

18.9 % (39)

33.2 % (345)

0.49 (0.34, 0.73), p < 0.0001

e) The stress of taking care of children, parents, or other family members

21.8 % (25)

23.9 % (254)

0.63 (0.40, 1.01), p = 0.053

f) Stress at work outside of the home or at school

27.8 % (59)

45.0 % (465)

0.50 (0.36, 0.71), p < 0.0001

g) Financial problems or worries

24.5 % (54)

37.2 % (401)

0.59 (0.42, 0.83), p = 0.003

h) Having no one to turn to when you have a problem

29.2 % (44)

32.3 % (348)

0.58 (0.40, 0.84), p = 0.004

i) Something bad that happened recently

12.7 % (27)

26.6 % (280)

0.48 (0.31, 0.75), p = 0.001

j) Thinking or dreaming about something terrible that happened to you in the past …

19.3 % (42)

33.5 % (358)

0.55 (0.38, 0.81), p < 0.0001

  1. Data are presented as percentage and numbers in brackets; age and sex adjusted logistic regression analysis, odds ratio (OR), 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), the stressors were included individually with the covariates age, sex and current partnership; the item a) to j) from the PHQ assessing major psychosocial stressors have been dichotomized (“not bothered” or “little bothered” = 0 versus bothered “a lot” = 1); DDS, patients with depersonalization-derealization syndrome