Table 1 Descriptive statistics of demographic data and health behaviour
Variables | Total | Mediterranean | Scandinavian | Israel | Iran | Hungary | Group differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender N (%) | Males | 267 (43.9) | 37 (54.4) | 54 (40.9) | 65 (66.3) | 23 (54.8) | 88 (32.8) | χ2 (4) = 38.874*** (Cramer’s V = 0.253*) |
Females | 341 (56.1) | 31 (45.6) | 78 (59.1) | 33 (33.7) | 19 (45.2) | 180 (67.2) | ||
Age (unit: years) Mean (SD) | 24.1 (2.42) | 22.9b,c,d (1.94) | 24.8a,c,e (2.21) | 26.3a,b,e (1.94) | 26.1a,e (3.06) | 22.8b,c,d (1.46) | H(4) = 233.429*** (η2 = 0.356) | |
Diet N (%) | Unhealthy | 200 (33.2) | 24 (36.4) | 39 (28.1) | 35 (37.2) | 11 (25.0) | 91 (35.0) | χ2 (8) = 8.416 (Cramer’s V = 0.084) |
Average | 311 (51.6) | 33 (50.0) | 71 (51.1) | 45 (47.9) | 28 (63.6) | 134 (51.5) | ||
Healthy | 92 (15.3) | 9 (13.6) | 29 (20.9) | 14 (14.9) | 5 (11.4) | 35 (13.5) | ||
Exercise N (%) | Inactive | 74 (11.8) | 16 (22.9) | 13 (9.2) | 10 (9.7) | 9 (20.0) | 26 (9.7) | χ2 (8) = 22.636** (Cramer’s V = 0.134**) |
Moderately active | 83 (13.2) | 15 (21.4) | 13 (9.2) | 16 (15.5) | 5 (11.1) | 34 (12.7) | ||
Active | 470 (75.0) | 39 (55.7) | 115 (81.6) | 77 (74.8) | 31 (68.9) | 208 (77.6) | ||
Smoker N (%) | 115 (18.6) | 21 (30.4) | 17 (12.4) | 22 (21.4) | 7 (16.7) | 48 (17.9) | χ2 (4) = 10.567* (Cramer’s V = 0.131*) | |
Nicotine dependence of smokers Mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.89) | 2.4 (1.86) | 1.4 (2.26) | 1.8 (1.78) | 3.3 (3.45) | 1.2 (1.24) | H(4) = 7.601 (η2 = 0.102) | |
Alcohol consumption (unit: standard drinks) Mean (SD) | 5.0 (6.67) | 6.7e (8.25) | 8.1c,d,e (8.41) | 4.6b (5.85) | 3.9b (4.20) | 3.3a,b (4.91) | H(4) = 74.218*** (η2 = 0.090) | |
Overconsumption of alcohol N (%) | 81 (13.8) | 12 (18.5) | 41 (32.0) | 7 (7.4) | 3 (8.6) | 18 (6.8) | χ2 (4) = 51.889*** (Cramer’s V = 0.297***) | |