From: Recognition of mental disorders among a multiracial population in Southeast Asia
 | Alcohol abuse | Dementia | Depression | OCD | Schizophrenia | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | OR | 95 % CI |  | p value | OR | 95 % CI |  | p value | OR | 95 % CI |  | p value | OR | 95 % CI |  | p value | OR | 95 % CI |  | p value |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 18 to 34 years | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 35 to 49 years | 1.1 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 0.729 | 2 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 0.077 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.149 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.058 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 0.887 |
 50 to 65 years | 1.6 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 0.28 | 1.02 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 0.973 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 0.607 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.008 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 0.872 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Female | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.163 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 0.565 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 0.009 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 0.002 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 0.41 |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Chinese | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Indian | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.842 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | <0.001 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.025 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.504 |
 Malay | 1.2 | 0.8 | 2 | 0.367 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | <0.001 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.994 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 0.449 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.229 |
 Others | 9.2 | 1.3 | 64.4 | 0.026 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.7 | 0.014 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 0.484 | 10.5 | 1.5 | 75.3 | 0.02 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8.3 | 0.96 |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Married | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Never married | 2.4 | 1.2 | 4.7 | 0.013 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.489 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.225 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 0.298 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.681 |
 Others* | 1.5 | 0.4 | 4.8 | 0.543 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.028 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 4.3 | 0.488 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 0.402 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 7.1 | 0.662 |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 University | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 6 years of education or below | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.2 | <0.001 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.3 | <0.001 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.009 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.4 | 0.004 | 0.3 | 0.04 | 2.6 | 0.28 |
 Secondary | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.001 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.001 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.358 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.2 | <0.001 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.418 |
 A Level, polytechnic & other diploma | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.017 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | <0.001 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.112 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.034 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.792 |
Employment status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Employed | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Housewife | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 0.878 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.385 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.431 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 15.8 | 0.165 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 4.9 | 0.833 |
 Retired | 0.6 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 0.465 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 10.2 | 0.612 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.166 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
 Student | 1.0 | 0.3 | 4.2 | 0.961 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 8.4 | 0.128 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 9.6 | 0.141 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 6.8 | 0.224 | 1 | 0.1 | 7.8 | 0.988 |
 Unemployed | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.704 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 4.4 | 0.791 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 9.7 | 0.31 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 15.4 | 0.117 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 7.6 | 0.529 |
Income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 <SGD2000 | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 SGD2000-5999 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.995 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.53 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 0.689 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 3.1 | 0.439 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0.452 |
 SGD6000 & above | 1.9 | 0.6 | 6.4 | 0.291 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.935 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 4.3 | 0.496 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 8.3 | 0.279 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 6.8 | 0.478 |