Low caring | Low autonomy-promoting | Punitive | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |||||||
OR | P > z | OR | P > t | OR | P > z | OR | P > t | OR | P > z | OR | P > t | |
Boy/girl | 1.19 | 0.317 | 1.34 | 0.108 | 2.02 | <0.001 | 2.01 | <0.001 | 1.26 | 0.185 | 1.37 | 0.081 |
Child age > = 9 years/less than 9 years | 1.50 | 0.022 | 1.49 | 0.029 | 0.35 | <0.001 | 0.33 | <0.001 | 0.69 | 0.043 | 0.66 | 0.029 |
Number of children in household | ||||||||||||
single/2 or 3 | 0.65 | 0.115 | 0.58 | 0.059 | 0.87 | 0.570 | 0.93 | 0.781 | 0.77 | 0.304 | 0.76 | 0.285 |
more than 3/2 or 3 | 2.52 | <0.001 | 2.08 | 0.006 | 1.44 | 0.157 | 1.49 | 0.171 | 1.29 | 0.350 | 0.94 | 0.846 |
Living apart from father yes/no | 1.49 | 0.085 | 0.67 | 0.356 | 0.88 | 0.605 | 1.06 | 0.902 | 1.30 | 0.271 | 0.99 | 0.986 |
Income | ||||||||||||
medium/low | 0.61 | 0.020 | 0.70 | 0.128 | 0.91 | 0.648 | 1.06 | 0.806 | 0.75 | 0.182 | 1.02 | 0.941 |
high/low | 0.40 | <0.001 | 0.56 | 0.053 | 0.96 | 0.832 | 1.14 | 0.643 | 0.64 | 0.046 | 0.99 | 0.985 |
Education level | ||||||||||||
medium/low | 0.55 | 0.007 | 0.77 | 0.293 | 0.69 | 0.089 | 0.69 | 0.120 | 0.72 | 0.129 | 0.89 | 0.631 |
high/low | 0.48 | <0.001 | 0.76 | 0.283 | 0.80 | 0.244 | 0.71 | 0.152 | 0.59 | 0.011 | 0.72 | 0.191 |
At least one parent unemployed yes/no | 1.36 | 0.212 | 0.91 | 0.740 | 0.83 | 0.488 | 0.74 | 0.302 | 1.81 | 0.010 | 1.33 | 0.264 |
Mother psychological distress yes/no | 1.86 | 0.004 | 1.67 | 0.029 | 0.76 | 0.266 | 0.84 | 0.521 | 2.48 | <0.001 | 2.35 | <0.001 |
Mother’s region of birth | ||||||||||||
Caribean Africa/Western | 1.92 | 0.056 | 1.13 | 0.748 | 2.04 | 0.027 | 1.99 | 0.064 | 3.13 | <0.001 | 2.40 | 0.015 |
Maghreb/Western | 1.20 | 0.586 | 0.83 | 0.626 | 1.16 | 0.657 | 1.21 | 0.615 | 1.31 | 0.412 | 1.04 | 0.919 |
Homogeneity of couple | ||||||||||||
Yes/no | 1.09 | 0.775 | 1.22 | 0.560 | 0.97 | 0.920 | 1.08 | 0.802 | 1.02 | 0.958 | 1.34 | 0.361 |
Unknown/no | 2.01 | 0.051 | 2.51 | 0.074 | 0.84 | 0.623 | 0.94 | 0.908 | 1.37 | 0.376 | 1.54 | 0.403 |
Living in a DSA yes/no | 1.51 | 0.129 | 0.91 | 0.765 | 1.08 | 0.791 | 0.82 | 0.531 | 1.74 | 0.036 | 1.20 | 0.543 |
Rural environment yes/no | 1.64 | 0.022 | 1.62 | 0.037 | 0.97 | 0.901 | 1.03 | 0.896 | 0.75 | 0.270 | 0.76 | 0.294 |