From: The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale: validation of the Japanese version
Country/region | n | Alienation | Stereotype endorsement | Discrimination experience | Social withdrawal | Stigma resistance | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The present study | Japan | 141a | 2.35 ± 0.88 | 2.12 ± 0.83 | 2.25 ± 0.80 | 2.28 ± 0.83 | 2.75 ± 0.83 |
Lv et al. [25] | China | 95 | 2.29 ± 0.49 | 2.07 ± 0.44 | 2.15 ± 0.45 | 2.19 ± 0.46 | 2.17 ± 0.38 |
Brohan et al. [26] | 14 European | 1220b | 2.53 ± 0.70 | 2.19 ± 0.53 | 2.43 ± 0.61 | 2.48 ± 0.66 | 2.47 ± 0.51 |
Sibitz et al. [27] | Austria | 157 | 2.28 ± 0.86 | 1.87 ± 0.63 | 2.16 ± 0.79 | 2.13 ± 0.74 | 2.73 ± 0.76 |
Lysaker et al. [28] | US | 133 | 2.45 ± 0.68 | 2.00 ± 0.51 | 2.48 ± 0.65 | 2.37 ± 0.65 | 2.25 ± 0.51 |
Lysaker et al. [29] | US | 75 | 2.31 ± 0.65 | 1.99 ± 0.54 | 2.42 ± 0.69 | 2.30 ± 0.66 | 2.17 ± 0.52 |
Lysaker et al. [30]c | US | 36 | 1.39 ± 0.68 | 1.14 ± 0.61 | 1.42 ± 0.70 | 1.31 ± 0.67 | 1.24 ± 0.50 |
Assefa et al. [31] | Ethiopia | 212 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | - |
Botha et al. [8] | South African | 100 | 2.50 | 2.16 | 2.90 | 2.63 | - |