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Table 7 Comparison of mean scores of stigma domains between patients with schizophrenia in different countries

From: The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale: validation of the Japanese version

 

Country/region

n

Alienation

Stereotype endorsement

Discrimination experience

Social withdrawal

Stigma resistance

The present study

Japan

141a

2.35 ± 0.88

2.12 ± 0.83

2.25 ± 0.80

2.28 ± 0.83

2.75 ± 0.83

Lv et al. [25]

China

95

2.29 ± 0.49

2.07 ± 0.44

2.15 ± 0.45

2.19 ± 0.46

2.17 ± 0.38

Brohan et al. [26]

14 European

1220b

2.53 ± 0.70

2.19 ± 0.53

2.43 ± 0.61

2.48 ± 0.66

2.47 ± 0.51

Sibitz et al. [27]

Austria

157

2.28 ± 0.86

1.87 ± 0.63

2.16 ± 0.79

2.13 ± 0.74

2.73 ± 0.76

Lysaker et al. [28]

US

133

2.45 ± 0.68

2.00 ± 0.51

2.48 ± 0.65

2.37 ± 0.65

2.25 ± 0.51

Lysaker et al. [29]

US

75

2.31 ± 0.65

1.99 ± 0.54

2.42 ± 0.69

2.30 ± 0.66

2.17 ± 0.52

Lysaker et al. [30]c

US

36

1.39 ± 0.68

1.14 ± 0.61

1.42 ± 0.70

1.31 ± 0.67

1.24 ± 0.50

Assefa et al. [31]

Ethiopia

212

2.3 ± 0.6

2.5 ± 0.6

2.5 ± 0.7

2.4 ± 0.9

-

Botha et al. [8]

South African

100

2.50

2.16

2.90

2.63

-

  1. a Patients with schizophrenia
  2. b Including patients with other mental disease
  3. c The authors used a 0-3 scale for the ISMI