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Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression examining the relation between different associated factors and depressive symptoms, June 2013

From: Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients in Black Lion General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Depression status

Multivariate

Depressed (PHQ 9 ≥ 5) n/%

Not depressed (PHQ 9 ≤ 4) n/%

p-Value

OR(95 % CI)

Sex, female

74/52.8

66/48.2

0.33

0.7(0.4, 1.4)

Monthly income (ETB)***

≤650

66/52.8

59/47.2

0.056

2.0(1.01, 4.2)

651–1400

29/47.5

32/52.5

0.26

1.6(0.7, 3.6)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.0–29.9

50/51

48/49

0.32

0.6(0.2, 1.6)

≥30

20/58.8

14/41.2

0.71

1.2(0.5, 3.1)

Number of co-morbidity, ≥3

18/69.2

8/30.8

0.03

0.3(0.1, 0.9)

Number of diabetic complication, ≥3

27/50

27/50

0.03

3.3(1.1, 10.0)

Diabetic neuropathy

45/54.2

38/45.8

0.42

1.4(0.6, 3.2)

Diabetic nephropathy

44/63.8

25/36.2

0.01

2.9(1.2, 6.7)

Sexual dysfunction

22/31.9

47/68.1

0.60

1.3(0.5, 3.0)

Negative life event

53/60.2

35/39.8

0.01

2.4(1.3, 4.5)

Poor social support

59/62.1

36/37.9

0.001

2.7(1.5, 5.0)

Fear of diabetic complication

89/50

89/50

0.65

1.3(0.4, 4.1)

Doing physical activity

17/30.4

39/69.6

0.48

0.8(0.3, 1.7)

  1. *** = 1 US$, 18 Ethiopian birr