Adherence therapy versus routine psychiatric care for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a randomised controlled trial

Table 3 Outcome measure scores at T0-T3 and results of repeated-measures ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests for two study groups

	AT (n = 65)		TAU (n = 63)		F(1,127)	P	Effect size (Partial η²)
Study Outcome	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.
ITAQ (0 – 33) ^a
T0	13.3	3.5	14.3	5.0	10.98	0.001	0.40
T1	17.5	5.7	14.6	4.9
T2	20.9	6.1	14.2	7.5
T3	24.8	5.3	15.0	8.8
SLOF (43–215)
T0	139.8	14.1	139.8	15.1	8.90	0.005	0.29
T1	158.0	20.8	140.8	22.0
T2	177.2	22.0	130.1	24.3
T3	183.2	20.1	129.1	28.8
PANSS (30–210)
T0	80.6	7.5	81.6	6.9	10.10	0.003	0.32
T1	74.8	7.0	86.9	8.8
T2	68.1	8.9	85.0	9.9
T3	59.0	10.1	82.8	11.6
ARS (1 – 5)
T0	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.1	9.10	0.005	0.30
T1	1.7	1.0	1.3	1.1
T2	1.9	1.1	1.4	1.2
T3	2.5	1.3	1.5	1.1
Re-hospitalisation
Frequency ^b
T0	2 ^c	(0–3) ^c	2 ^c	(0–3) ^c	3.47 ^d	0.092
T1	2	(0–3)	2	(0–4)
T2	1	(0–2)	2	(0–3)
T3	1	(0–2)	2	(0–3)
Duration ^e
T0	9.9	5.3	9.2	6.1	8.80	0.005	0.28
T1	8.7	5.1	9.8	6.8
T2	8.0	6.6	14.2	8.2
T3	7.0	6.0	15.0	9.9

AT Adherence Therapy, TAU Treatment as Usual or Psychiatric Outpatient Care
T0 baseline measurement at the start of intervention, T1 2 weeks after intervention, T2 6 months after intervention, T3 18 months after intervention
ARS Adherence Rating Scale, ITAQ Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale SLOF Specific Level of Functioning scale
^a Possible range of scores of each scale indicated in parenthesis
^b Average number of re-admissions to a psychiatric inpatient unit in the previous 4 months at T0-T3
^c Median and range of the frequency of re-hospitalisations
^d H value of Kruskal-Wallis test (df = 3)
^e Duration or length of readmissions to a psychiatric inpatient unit in terms of average number of days of hospital-stay over the previous 4 months at four time points
The test (Chi-square or t) and p values are in bold if the subject characteristics are significantly different between groups

ISSN: 1471-244X