Table 2 Characteristics of studies on randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the effect of IT platforms with intervention programmes including electronic self-monitoring of mood on different outcomes in adult patients with bipolar disorder listed according to year of publication. N = 759
Author, Country, year of publication | Design | Intervention group: IT platform, name of tool | Control group | Sample size, setting, agea, Bipolar disorder type I | Additional information on the intervention group | Self-monitoring frequency, follow-up | Blinding of outcome assessor | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lieberman DZ et al., USA, 2010 [57] | RCT | Computer-based, Online self-monitoring using LCMb | Paper-and-pencil self-monitoring | 48, Outpatient, 37.7 (SD 12.5), 13 % | Online self-monitoring of mood, medications and other variables | Daily, 90 days | NA | - No difference in CGI-Sc score between the groups |
- Significantly higher number of days rated and with complete data in the electronic self-monitoring group (intervention group) | ||||||||
Depp CA et al., USA, 2012 [58] | RCT | Smartphone-based, Self-monitoring using smartphone | Paper-and-pencil self-monitoring | 40, Outpatient, 45.1 (SD 13.8), 90.4 % | Smartphone-based monitoring of momentary mood and related experiences | Twice/ day in fixed time blocks, 12 weeks | Yes | - Significantly higher variability of self-monitored mood in the electronic self-monitoring group both within-person and between-persons |
- Significantly higher compliance in paper-and pencil group (control group) | ||||||||
Todd NJ et al., UK, 2014 [60] | RCT | Web-based, Online self-monitoring using ‘Living with Bipolar’ | TAU (and waiting list) | 122, Outpatient, 43.44 (SD 11.25), 70 % | Web-based recovery informed self-management and self-monitoring | NA, 6 months | No (self-assessed unblinded by patients) | - Primary outcome: Significantly higher self-assessed quality of life (QoL.BD-Briefd and WHOQoL-BREFe) in the intervention group |
- Secondary outcome: Significantly higher self-assessed recovery (BRQ f), lower symptoms severity (ISSg), and higher social functioning (SASSh) in the intervention group | ||||||||
Barnes CW et al., Autralia, 2015 [61] | RCT | Web-based, Online self-monitoring using ‘Recovery Road for Bipolar Disorder’ | Websites on ‘healthy lifestyles’ (and waiting list) | 233, Outpatients, 39.0 (SD 10.8), 87.6 % | Web-based psychoeducatio-nal program and self-monitoring | Weekly, 12 months | No (self-assessed unblinded by patients) | - Primary outcome: No significant differences in self-reported time to recurrence (BDI-IIi, ISSg, self-reported hospitalization and Sheehan Disability Scale) between the groups |
Depp CA et al., USA, 2015 [62] | RCT | Smartphone-based, Self-monitoring using ‘Personalized Real-Time Intervention for Stabilizing Mood (PRISM)’ | Paper-pencil self-monitoring | 82, Outpatient, 47.5 (SD 12.8), 87.8 % | Smartphone-based personal self-management strategies and self-monitoring | Twice/ day in fixed time blocks, 24 weeks | Yes | - Primary outcome: Significantly lower MADRSj score at week 6 and 12 in the intervention group. No difference at end of study. |
- Secondary outcome: No significant differences in YMRSk and self-rated functional impairmentl between the groups | ||||||||
Lauder S et al.,Australia, 2015 [63] | RCT | Web-based, Online self-monitoring using ‘Moodswings’ | Moodswings (online psychoeducation, self-monitoring of mood and discussion boards) | 156, Outpatients, 40.6 (SD 10.6), 51.5 % | Moodswings plus online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | Daily, 12 months | No (self-assessed unblinded by patients) | - Primary outcome: Significantly lower ASRMm score in the intervention group. No difference in MADRS Self-assessment and other self-assessed outcomes between the groups. |
Faurholt-Jepsen M et al., Denmark, 2015 [76] | RCT | Smartphone-based, self-monitoring using ‘MONARCA’ | Placebo smartphone and TAU | 78, Outpatients, 29.3 (SD 8.43), 67.1 % | Smartphone-based self-monitoring and daily feedback loop to patient and clinicians | Daily, 6 months | Yes | - Primary outcome: No significant difference in HDRS-17n and YMRS between the groups. |
- Sub-analyses: More depressive symptoms in the intervention group. Fewer manic symptoms in the intervention group. |