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Table 2 Factors associated with professional mental health consultation for potential depression symptoms by gender

From: Depression symptom and professional mental health service use

Characteristics

Total (N = 21,644)

Men (N = 6,465)

Women (N = 15,179)

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

Demographic factors

  

Age (years)

         
 

Young adults (19–44)

1.20

1.05

1.37

1.13

0.87

1.46

1.22

1.04

1.42

 

Middle aged (45–64)

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  
 

Elderly (≥65)

0.67

0.58

0.78

0.67

0.54

0.83

0.69

0.58

0.83

Socioeconomic factors

  

Education

         
 

Primary or less

0.81

0.67

0.97

0.77

0.58

1.02

0.80

0.64

0.99

 

Middle school

1.07

0.90

1.29

1.09

0.81

1.46

1.04

0.84

1.29

 

High school

1.09

0.96

1.24

1.07

0.87

1.32

1.06

0.91

1.24

 

College or more

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Marital status

         
 

Married

0.95

0.82

1.10

0.72

0.56

0.93

1.20

1.00

1.45

 

Separated/divorced

1.05

0.87

1.25

0.80

0.58

1.11

1.29

1.04

1.59

 

Unmarried

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Income

         
 

Quartile1

0.93

0.79

1.09

0.83

0.64

1.08

0.94

0.78

1.12

 

Quartile2

0.94

0.82

1.08

0.86

0.66

1.11

0.96

0.82

1.12

 

Quartile3

0.97

0.86

1.11

1.10

0.88

1.36

0.92

0.80

1.07

 

Quartile4

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Residence

         
 

Metropolitan

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  
 

Urban

1.09

0.99

1.21

1.23

1.03

1.47

1.04

0.93

1.17

 

Rural

1.01

0.90

1.13

1.02

0.85

1.22

1.01

0.89

1.14

Employment status

         
 

Unemployed

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  
 

Employed

0.71

0.64

0.79

0.55

0.45

0.67

0.81

0.72

0.91

Health-behaviour factors

  

Smoking status

         
 

Current smoker

1.09

0.94

1.27

0.86

0.70

1.06

1.41

1.18

1.68

 

Former smoker

1.26

1.06

1.49

1.18

0.94

1.48

1.16

0.89

1.49

 

Non-smoker

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Drinking status

         
 

Drinker

0.75

0.66

0.84

0.57

0.45

0.74

0.80

0.70

0.91

 

Non-drinker

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Physical activity

         
 

Yes

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  
 

No

0.88

0.79

0.99

0.86

0.70

1.04

0.90

0.79

1.02

Sleep hours per day

         
 

<6

1.17

1.06

1.30

1.28

1.07

1.53

1.14

1.02

1.28

 

≤6–9

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  
 

≥9

1.53

1.29

1.81

1.53

1.19

1.98

1.53

1.26

1.87

Health-condition factors

  

Subjective health status

         
 

Good

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  
 

Moderate

1.28

1.11

1.48

1.08

0.86

1.38

1.38

1.17

1.64

 

Poor

2.31

1.97

2.70

1.99

1.54

2.56

2.48

2.06

2.98

Perceived stress susceptibility

         
 

Very high

1.69

1.26

2.27

3.08

1.85

5.14

1.36

0.98

1.89

 

High

1.27

0.95

1.69

2.05

1.23

3.41

1.09

0.80

1.49

 

Low

0.77

0.57

1.04

1.09

0.65

1.85

0.69

0.50

0.96

 

Very low

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Unmet healthcare needs

  
 

Yes

0.78

0.71

0.87

0.77

0.63

0.93

0.79

0.70

0.88

 

No

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Medical history

         
 

Hypertension

1.00

0.88

1.13

1.12

0.92

1.37

0.95

0.83

1.10

 

Diabetes mellitus

0.81

0.70

0.95

0.67

0.53

0.86

0.89

0.75

1.07

 

Hyperlipidaemia

1.47

1.30

1.66

1.65

1.34

2.04

1.42

1.24

1.63

 

CVDa

1.06

0.90

1.24

1.02

0.81

1.29

1.06

0.87

1.29

 

Arthritis

1.35

1.19

1.53

1.24

0.94

1.62

1.36

1.19

1.56

 

Asthma

1.32

1.10

1.58

1.36

0.99

1.88

1.30

1.07

1.59

  1. OR refers to odds ratio, and 95 % CI refers to 95 % confidence interval
  2. aCVD refers to cardiovascular disease, including angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke
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