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Table 1 Proportion of participants reporting potential depression symptoms who consulted a mental health professional

From: Depression symptom and professional mental health service use

Characteristics

 

Total

   

Men

   

Women

   
  

N = 3762/21,644 (17.4 %), 16.6 %a

N = 916/6465 (14.2 %), 13.6 %a

N = 2846/15,179 (18.8 %), 18.2 %a

  

No.b

(%)

%a

p

No.b

(%)

%a

p

No.b

(%)

%a

p

Demographic factors

            

Age (years)

            
 

Young adults (19–44)

1181/7243

(16.3)

15.9

0.002

299/2190

(13.7)

13.8

0.677

882/5053

(17.5)

17.0

0.001

 

Middle aged (45–64)

1500/8116

(18.5)

17.3

 

356/2448

(14.5)

13.5

 

1144/5668

(20.2)

19.3

 
 

Elderly (≥65)

1081/6285

(17.2)

17.1

 

261/1827

(14.3)

13.3

 

820/4458

(18.4)

18.7

 

Socioeconomic factors

            

Education

            
 

Primary or less

1290/7213

(17.9)

17.6

<.0001

181/1391

(13.0)

12.6

0.186

1109/5822

(19.1)

18.8

<.0001

 

Middle school

571/2844

(20.1)

19.1

 

156/963

(16.2)

15.2

 

415/1881

(22.1)

21.0

 
 

High school

1066/6109

(17.5)

17.2

 

281/1995

(14.1)

13.9

 

785/4114

(19.1)

18.9

 
 

College or more

835/5478

(15.2)

14.8

 

298/2116

(14.1)

13.2

 

537/3362

(16.0)

15.9

 

Marital status

            
 

Married

2384/13,602

(17.5)

16.2

0.393

569/4282

(13.3)

12.1

0.001

1815/9320

(19.5)

18.3

0.001

 

Separated/divorced

897/5125

(17.5)

18.9

 

130/953

(13.6)

14.1

 

767/4172

(18.4)

20.1

 
 

Unmarried

481/2917

(16.5)

15.9

 

217/1230

(17.6)

16.6

 

264/1687

(15.7)

15.5

 

Income

            
 

Quartile1

971/5376

(18.1)

19.2

0.002

253/1641

(15.4)

16.6

0.031

718/3735

(19.2)

20.5

0.024

 

Quartile2

1003/5423

(18.5)

17.5

 

229/1571

(14.6)

13.8

 

774/3852

(20.1)

19.3

 
 

Quartile3

921/5406

(17.0)

15.9

 

233/1584

(14.7)

13.7

 

688/3822

(18.0)

17.0

 
 

Quartile4

867/5439

(15.9)

15.4

 

201/1669

(12.0)

11.9

 

666/3770

(17.7)

17.2

 

Residence

            
 

Metropolitan

1177/7173

(16.4)

16.4

0.025

274/2104

(13.0)

13.1

0.150

903/5069

(17.8)

18.0

0.109

 

Urban

1124/6225

(18.1)

17.3

 

285/1885

(15.1)

14.8

 

839/4340

(19.3)

18.6

 
 

Rural

1461/8246

(17.7)

16.1

 

357/2476

(14.4)

12.4

 

1104/5770

(19.1)

17.9

 

Employment status

            
 

Unemployed

2250/11,138

(20.2)

20.1

<.0001

467/2492

(18.7)

19.7

<.0001

1783/8646

(20.6)

20.2

<.0001

 

Employed

1512/10,506

(14.4)

13.3

 

449/3973

(11.3)

10.4

 

1063/6533

(16.3)

15.5

 

Health-behaviour factors

            

Smoking status

            
 

Current smoker

667/4313

(15.5)

15.3

<.0001

392/3146

(12.5)

12.4

0.000

275/1167

(23.6)

24.6

<.0001

 

Former smoker

454/2811

(16.2)

16.6

 

325/2168

(15.0)

15.2

 

129/643

(20.1)

21.0

 
 

Non-smoker

2641/14,520

(18.2)

17.1

 

199/1151

(17.3)

14.3

 

2442/13,369

(18.3)

17.4

 

Drinking status

            
 

Drinker

2732/16,737

(16.3)

15.7

<.0001

785/5874

(13.4)

12.9

<.0001

1947/10,863

(17.9)

17.3

<.0001

 

Non-drinker

1030/4907

(21.0)

21.5

 

131/591

(22.2)

22.6

 

899/4316

(20.8)

21.3

 

Physical activity

            
 

Yes

2,788/16,174

(17.2)

16.6

0.348

664/4732

(14.0)

13.5

0.631

2124/11,442

(18.6)

18.1

0.315

 

No

974/5470

(17.8)

16.9

 

252/1733

(14.5)

13.9

 

722/3737

(19.3)

18.6

 

Sleep hours per day

            
 

<6

1246/6071

(20.5)

19.6

<.0001

268/1637

(16.4)

16.0

<.0001

978/4434

(22.1)

21.2

<.0001

 

≤6–9

2185/14,180

(15.4)

14.9

 

541/4343

(12.5)

12.0

 

1644/9837

(16.7)

16.4

 
 

≥9

331/1393

(23.8)

24.2

 

107/485

(22.1)

22.1

 

224/908

(24.7)

25.4

 

Health-condition factors

            

Subjective health status

            
 

Good

444/4163

(10.7)

10.5

<.0001

141/1500

(9.4)

9.7

<.0001

303/2663

(11.4)

11.1

<.0001

 

Moderate

1119/7864

(14.2)

13.8

 

236/2168

(10.9)

10.6

 

883/5696

(15.5)

15.2

 
 

Poor

2199/9617

(22.9)

23.8

 

539/2797

(19.3)

20.0

 

1660/6820

(24.3)

25.5

 

Perceived stress susceptibility

            
 

Very high

979/4168

(23.5)

23.4

<.0001

275/1373

(20.0)

20.9

<.0001

704/2795

(25.2)

24.9

<.0001

 

High

1918/10,176

(18.9)

17.7

 

437/2871

(15.2)

14.2

 

1481/7305

(20.3)

19.4

 
 

Low

741/6370

(11.6)

11.0

 

175/1919

(9.1)

7.9

 

566/4451

(12.7)

12.4

 
 

Very low

124/930

(13.3)

14.1

 

29/302

(9.6)

8.0

 

95/628

(15.1)

17.2

 

Unmet healthcare needs

           
 

Yes

1116/6865

(16.3)

16.2

0.003

251/1874

(13.4)

13.3

0.270

865/4991

(17.3)

17.6

0.002

 

No

2646/14,779

(17.9)

16.8

 

665/4591

(14.5)

13.7

 

1981/10188

(19.4)

18.4

 

Hypertension

            
 

Yes

1164/6064

(19.2)

18.9

<.0001

294/1818

(16.2)

16.0

0.004

870/4246

(20.5)

20.5

0.001

 

No

2598/15,580

(16.7)

16.0

 

622/4647

(13.4)

12.8

 

1976/10,933

(18.1)

17.6

 

Diabetes mellitus

            
 

Yes

497/2618

(19.0)

18.6

0.023

123/881

(14.0)

13.8

0.890

374/1737

(21.5)

21.4

0.002

 

No

3265/19,026

(17.2)

16.4

 

793/5584

(14.2)

13.6

 

2472/13,442

(18.4)

17.8

 

Hyperlipidaemia

            
 

Yes

845/3479

(24.3)

23.0

<.0001

190/965

(19.7)

19.5

<.0001

655/2514

(26.1)

24.7

<.0001

 

No

2917/18,165

(16.1)

15.5

 

726/5500

(13.2)

12.5

 

2191/12,665

(17.3)

17.0

 

CVDc

            
 

Yes

419/1933

(21.7)

21.8

<.0001

139/757

(18.4)

18.9

0.001

280/1176

(23.8)

24.1

<.0001

 

No

3343/19,711

(17.0)

16.3

 

777/5708

(13.6)

13.1

 

2566/14,003

(18.3)

17.8

 

Arthritis

            
 

Yes

1125/5119

(22.0)

22.8

<.0001

142/747

(19.0)

18.5

<.0001

983/4372

(22.5)

23.7

<.0001

 

No

2637/16,525

(16.0)

15.4

 

774/5718

(13.5)

13.1

 

1863/10,807

(17.2)

16.7

 

Asthma

            
 

Yes

282/1164

(24.2)

24.9

<.0001

70/325

(21.5)

21.4

0.000

212/839

(25.3)

26.3

<.0001

 

No

3480/20,480

(17.0)

16.2

 

846/6140

(13.8)

13.2

 

2634/14,340

(18.4)

17.7

 
  1. aWeighted %
  2. bThe values were expressed as the number of participants who consulted/participants of each category
  3. cCVD refers to cardiovascular disease, including angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke