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Table 4 Resource Utilization: Psychiatric Medication/Therapy in the Previous 6 Months

From: Prevalence of ADHD in nonpsychotic adult psychiatric care (ADPSYC): A multinational cross-sectional study in Europe

 

ADHD Diagnosis Established by the DIVA

ADHD Diagnosis Not Established

Odds Ratio (ADHD versus No ADHD)

(N = 349)

(N = 1660)

(95 % CI)

Antidepressants, n (%)

199 (57.0)

1193 (71.9)

0.66 (0.49-0.89)

Anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics, n (%)

105 (30.1)

625 (37.7)

0.87 (0.61-1.24)

Antipsychotics, n (%)

59 (16.9)

308 (18.6)

0.51 (0.25-1.05)

Mood stabilizers, n (%)

38 (10.9)

235 (14.2)

0.82 (0.51-1.31)

Psychotherapy, n (%)

108 (30.9)

451 (27.2)

0.72 (0.52-1.00)

Other therapy, n (%)a

54 (15.5)

137 (8.3)

1.50 (0.91-2.49)

Visits to psychiatrist, n (%)

291 (83.4)

1387 (83.6)

1.08 (0.74-1.58)

Visits to psychotherapist, n (%)

103 (29.5)

449 (27.0)

N/A

Visits to mental health worker, n (%)

62 (17.8)

181 (10.9)

N/A

Visits to other, n (%)

40 (11.5)

216 (13.0)

N/A

  1. Abbreviations: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CI = confidence interval; DIVA = Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults; N = number of patients; n = number of affected patients; N/A = not available
  2. a“Other therapy” refers to alternative therapeutic strategies, including osteopathy, yoga, psychoeducation, mindfulness training, etc
  3. Note: Logistic regression was used for all binary outcomes