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Table 2 CRTs versus Other services: Study outcomes and relationship to CRT characteristics

From: Implementation of the Crisis Resolution Team model in adult mental health settings: a systematic review

Outcome

Results

Studies(MMAT score)

24 hour service

Gatekeeping role reported and implemented

Staffing (>14 staff per 150,000 population)

Medical cover within the CRT team

Multidisciplinary

Early discharge service

Inpatient admissions(admission at time of crisis)

Superior outcomes for CRT (n = 10)

Adesanya 2005 (4) [36]

7 papers = Yes (24 hour service was present)

8 = Yes (had gatekeeping role)

4 = No (staffing not adequate)

8 = Yes (had medical cover)

8 = Yes (multidisciplinary)

5 = Yes (had early discharge service)

Barker 2011 (2) [12]

Dibben 2008 (3) [39]

2 = No (no gatekeeping role)

6 = Not reported

1 = No (no medical cover)

1 = No (not multidisciplinary)

Guo 2001 (4) [41]

2 papers = No (24 hour service was not present)

Hugo 2002 (4) [42]

1 = No (no early discharge service)

Jethwa 2007 (3) [43]

1 = Not reported

Johnson 2005a (3) [8]

1 = Characteristic not reported

Johnson 2005b (3) [9]

1 = Not reported

Keown 2007 (4) [45]

4 = Not reported

Piggott 1993(4) [47]

No significant difference between groups (n = 3)

Forbes 2010 (3) [40]

1 = Yes (24 hour service)

2 = Yes (had gatekeeping role)

2 = Yes (staffing adequate)

2 = Yes (had medical cover)

1 = Yes (multidisciplinary)

1 = Yes (had early discharge service)

Kolbjornsrud 2009 (4) [46]

2 = No (no 24-hour service)

1 = No (no gatekeeping role)

1 = Not reported

1 = Not reported

1 = No (not multidisciplinary)

Tyrer 2010 (2) [13]

1 = No (no early discharge service)

1 = Not reported

1 = Not reported

Inpatient bed days

Superior outcomes for CRT (n = 6)

Barker 2011 (2) [12]

5 = Yes (24 hour service)

5 = Yes (had gatekeeping role)

1 = Yes (staffing adequate)

5 = Yes (had medical cover)

4 = Yes (multidisciplinary)

4 = Yes (had early discharge service)

Dean 1993 (3) [38]

Johnson 2005a* (3) [8]

1 = Not reported

1 = Not reported

2 = No (staffing not adequate)

1 = Not reported

2 = Not reported

Johnson 2005b (3) [9]

2 = Not reported

Johnson 2008 (0) [44]

3 = Not reported

Piggott 1993 (4) [47]

No significant difference between groups (n = 6)

Adesanya 2008 (4) [36]

4 = Yes (24 hour service)

5 = Yes (had gatekeeping role)

1 = Yes (staffing adequate)

3 = Yes (had medical cover)

4 = Yes (multidisciplinary)

2 = Yes (had early discharge service)

Bechdolf 2011 (4) [37]

Dibben 2008 (3) [39]

2 = No (no 24-hour service)

1 = Not reported

1 = No (staffing not adequate)

3 = Not reported

2 = Not reported

Forbes 2010 (3) [40]

4 = Not reported

1 = No (no early discharge service)

Keown 2007 (4) [45]

Tyrer 2010 (2) [13]

3 = not reported

Service user satisfaction

Superior outcomes for CRT (n = 3)

Johnson 2005a (3) [8]

3 = Yes (24 hour service)

2 = Yes (had gatekeeping role)

1 = Yes (staffing adequate)

2 = Yes (had medical cover)

2 = Yes (multidisciplinary)

2 = Yes (had early discharge service)

Johnson 2005b(3) [9]

Johnson 2008 (0) [44]

1 = Not reported

2 = Not reported

1 = Not reported

1 = Not reported

1 = Not reported

No significant difference (n = 2)

Dibben 2008 (3) [39]

1 = Yes (24 hour service)

2 = Yes (had gatekeeping role)

2 = Not reported

1 = No (no medical cover)

1 = Yes (multidisciplinary)

1 = No (no early discharge service)

Tyrer 2010 (2)

1 = No (no 24-hour service)

1 = Not reported

1 = Not reported

1 = Not reported

  1. *Johnson [8] was included as one of the studies reporting superior outcomes for CRTs for bed use: it found reduced bed use in CRT group at 6 weeks follow up, though not at 6 month follow-up.