Table 3 Description of included studies
Country (Author, date) | Study design | Intervention | Intervention workforce | Sample | Measures of acceptability and feasibility identified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. China (Xiong et al., 1994 [40]) | Randomised controlled trial (RCT) | 1. Monthly 45 minute counselling sessions with patient and family | Therapist | 63 families | Compliance |
34 in intervention group | |||||
2. Family group therapy sessions | 29 in control group | ||||
2. China (Ran et al., 2003 [27]) | RCT | 1. Monthly family visit incorporating psychoeducation | Therapist | 326 patients and families | Reasons for refusal to participate |
2. Family workshops | 126 cases in family intervention group | ||||
3. Crisis intervention | |||||
103 cases in pharmacological treatment group | |||||
97 cases in control group | |||||
3. Poland (Slupczynska-Kossobudzka et al., 1999 [36]) | Cohort | 1. Medication management | Multidisciplinary team: psychiatrist, psychologist, 3 nurses, social worker | 88 patients and families | Satisfaction scale |
2. Individual psychotherapy | |||||
3. Daily living and social skills training | |||||
4. Therapeutic work with family | |||||
5. Welfare assistance | |||||
4. Turkey (Tas et al., 2012 [35]) | Randomised pilot study | 1. Family-assisted social cognition and interaction training (14 session group training) | Family members trained as “cognition partners” | 45 patients and 45 family members | Satisfaction scale |
5. China (Zhang et al., 1993 [49]) | Cohort | 1. Family psychoeducation (10 lectures, 3 discussion groups) | Psychologist | 3092 patients | Participation rates |
6. China (Zhang et al., 1994 [25]) | Cohort | 1. Family counselling | Counsellors | 83 patients and family | Description of feasibility issues |
2. Home visits for non-attenders | |||||
7. Egypt, (Gohar et al., 2013 [33]) | RCT | 1. Social cognition training (2 sessions per week for 8 weeks) | Psychiatrist | 42 patients 22 in intervention group | Satisfaction scale |
20 in control group (skills training intervention) | |||||
8. Poland (Chadzynska et al., 2011 [37]) | Cross-sectional | 1. Group psychoeducation sessions | Therapist | 167 patients | Questionnaire covering opinions on sessions |
9. Chile (Caqueo-Urízar et al., 2009 [39]) | Cross-sectional | 1. Multifamily intervention programme for caregivers – 18 weekly sessions (psychoeducation and living skills) | Not reported | 41 primary caregivers | Satisfaction questionnaire |
10. India (Kulhara et al., 2009 [32]) | RCT | 1. Manualised psychoeducation intervention for carers (monthly sessions of 1 hr) | Mental health professionals | 38 patients and caregivers in both experimental and control groups | Satisfaction questionnaire |
11. Brazil (Cabral et al., 2010 [29]) | Cross-sectional | 1. Weekly psychoeducational and supportive therapy group for patients | Not reported | 44 primary caregivers | Opinion questionnaire and satisfaction scale |
2. Weekly psychoeducational multi-family group | |||||
12. Thailand, (Worakul et al., 2007 [34]) | Cohort | 1. Family psychoeducational programme (1 day programme didactic component and group discussion) | Psychiatrists | 91 primary caregivers | Satisfaction scale |
13. Czech Republic (Motlova et al., 2006 [38]) | Prospective follow up study | 1. Outpatient clinic based psychoeducation intervention for patients and family | Professionals (not specified) | 53 patients, 93 family members | Outcome questionnaire |
14. India (Balaji et al., 2012 [23]) | Qualitative | Collaborative community-based care: | Community lay health workers | In-depth interviews with 32 patients, 38 caregivers | Qualitative |
1. Psychoeducation | |||||
2. Adherence management | |||||
3. Rehabilitation | |||||
4. Referral to community agents | |||||
15. Brazil (Zimmer et al., 2006 [24]) | Qualitative | 1. CBT incorporating cognitive differentiation, social perception, verbal communication, social skills, interpersonal problem solving | Not reported | 22 patients’ expressions of perceptions of intervention (written and verbal accounts) | Qualitative |
16. South Africa (Pooe et al., 2010 [43]) | Qualitative | 1. Patient psychoeducation | Not reported | Focus groups with 9 in-patients | Qualitative |
9 out-patients (study did not disaggregate in analysis) | |||||
Semi–structured interviews with 15 patients | |||||
17. South Africa (Asmal et al., 2013 [41]) | Qualitative | 1. Family therapy – multi family groups of schizophrenia patients and caregivers | Psychiatric nurse | Semi-structured interviews, 20 patients and 20 family members | Qualitative |