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Table 3 Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance to examine Quotient® movement variables for medication condition

From: Differentiating ADHD from oral language difficulties in children: role of movements and effects of stimulant medication

 

Off medication (n = 16)

On medication (n =16)

    
 

M (SD)

M (SD)

    
 

T1

T2

T1

T2

Statistic

Value

p

η 2

Immobility duration

123.38 (129.02)

106.81 (106.56)

195.56 (130.51)

244.50 (189.01)

Group

F(1,15)

20.54

.000*

.58

Movements

4841.56 (3007.52)

4916.62 (2768.34)

2342.44 (1409.24)

2343.56 (1930.90)

Group

F(1,15)

26.10

.000*

.64

Displacement

8.83 (6.76)

9.23 (7.06)

3.44 (2.64)

3.54 (3.57)

Group

F(1,15)

22.45

.000*

.60

Area

250.25 (172.73)

300.13 (255.54)

87.25 (84.52)

91.06 (113.39)

Group

F(1,15)

31.08

.000*

.67

Spatial complexity

1.14 (.15)

1.10 (.12)

1.19 (.14)

1.25 (.19)

Group

F(1,15)

17.54

.001*

.54

Temporal scaling

.99 (.44)

1.07 (.42)

.67 (.30)

.65 (.39)

Group

F(1,15)

24.49

.000*

.62

  1. *Significant p-value alpha level of .01. η2 effect sizes of .01, 06, and .14 represent small, medium, and large effects sizes respectively.
  2. Immobility Duration: Average amount of time, in seconds, spent sitting still (moving less than 1 mm) during a 5 min. period.
  3. Movements: Average number of position changes (movement greater than 1 mm), measured in total meters during a 5 min. period.
  4. Displacement: Total distance traveled (in meters) by the marker during a 5 min. period.
  5. Area: Size and shape, measured in cm2, of the space covered by the marker during a 5 min. period.
  6. Spatial Complexity: Complexity of the movement path (values range from one to two). Lower values indicate more linear, back & forth movement; higher values indicate more complex movement.
  7. Temporal Scaling: Frequency of movement (scale from 0 to 1; 0 = no movement and 1 = constant movement).