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Table 1 Demographic, clinical, actigraphic and MRS characteristics of participants (n = 53)

From: Delayed circadian phase is linked to glutamatergic functions in young people with affective disorders: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Characteristic

Mean ± SD

Gender, % female

71.7 (38/53)#

Age, years

21.8 ± 4.3

Hamilton depression rating scale

13.3 ± 7.0

Young Mania Rating Scalea

3.6 ± 5.3

Actigraphy

 

Sleep onset, time

23:50 ± 1:12

Sleep offset, time

08:37 ± 1:18

Total sleep time, hours

7:28 ± 0:30

Wake after sleep onset, mins

78.5 ± 25.6

Sleep efficiency, %

85.2 ± 4.2

Sleep midpoint, time

04:14 ± 1:09

Anterior Cingulate neurometabolites

 

N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA)/Creatine

1.29 ± 0.13

Glutathione (GSH)/Creatine

0.45 ± 0.12

Glutamate/Glutamine (Glx)/Creatine

2.07 ± 0.32

  1. #Data represents percentage and number.
  2. aAvailable in a subset of 39 participants.