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Table 5 Relationships between potential facilitators/barriers and reported professional and non-professional contacts for MH problems-ARMHS 3-year follow-up

From: Self-reported contacts for mental health problems by rural residents: predicted service needs, facilitators and barriers

Characteristic

Sub-group N

Professional service utilisation

Non-professional service utilisation

N (%)

AOR (99% CI)

N (%)

AOR (99% CI)

Employment status:

     

Not currently employed

531

98 (19)

 

75 (14)

 

Employed or volunteer work

700

118 (17)

0.83 (0.47, 1.46)

119 (17)

1.23 (0.68, 2.20)

Children in house:

     

No

922

152 (17)

 

136 (15)

 

Yes

309

64 (21)

0.76 (0.38, 1.49)

58 (19)

0.56 (0.27, 1.13)

Caring for family member/friend:

     

No

1102

186 (17)

 

169 (15)

 

Yes

129

30 (23)

0.94 (0.44, 2.05)

25 (19)

0.88 (0.41, 1.93)

Predicted Service Need Index (PSNI):

     

Low (0-1)

819

73 (8.9)

 

66 (8.1)

 

Medium (2-5)

297

76 (26)

3.29 (1.94, 5.56)**

69 (23)

3.23 (1.87, 5.59)**

High (>5)

115

67 (58)

14.00 (6.24, 31.4)**

59 (51)

12.32 (5.55, 27.3)**

Suicidal ideation (PHQ-9, item 9):

     

No

1187

189 (16)

 

172 (15)

 

Yes (present in last two-weeks)

44

27 (61)

2.41 (0.81, 7.13)

22 (50)

2.68 (0.94, 7.70)

Easy access to internet:

     

No

290

50 (17)

 

39 (13)

 

Yes

941

166 (18)

0.91 (0.48, 1.73)

155 (17)

0.85 (0.43, 1.66)

Would use internet for MH treatment/information:

     

No

859

103 (12)

 

87 (10)

 

Yes

372

113 (30)

3.13 (1.85, 5.29)**

107 (29)

3.03 (1.78, 5.17)**

Continuous variables (dummy coded)Â¥

     

Structural barriers to help-seeking

(Range: 1-5)

2.30 (1.20, 4.44)**

 

0.88 (0.53, 1.47)

Attitudinal barriers to help-seeking

(Range: 1-5)

0.10 (0.05, 0.22)**

 

0.15 (0.08, 0.29)**

Time commitments

(Range: 1-5 )

1.12 (0.56, 2.25)

 

1.11 (0.58, 2.15)

Number of contacts with other service type

(Range: 0-42)

0.93 (0.87, 0.99)*

(0-126)

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

  1. Note: Based on a series of hierarchical logistic regressions, in which socio-demographic characteristics were entered simultaneously at step 1 (see Table 4), followed by the current set of predictors at step 2: *p < 0.01; **p < 0.001. ARMHS: Australian Rural Mental Health Study; AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval. ¥ Dummy coding was used for these variables (i.e., allocating mean scores to those with "missing" data) as they only applied to selected sub-groups, namely those who answered the barriers section of the survey (i.e., MH problems but no advice sought, or needs not met) and those with at least one service contact (for the "number of contacts" variable).