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Table 5 Prevalence of clinical depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 20) by classification of participants in terms of substance use behaviors

From: The prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of depressive symptoms among Cypriot university students: a cross-sectional descriptive co-relational study

 

TOTAL

Students without clinical depressive symptoms

Students with clinical depressive symptoms

X2

DF

P value

Ν

%

Ν

%

Ν

%

Smoking habit

      

18.95

2

0.002

Never

986

66.3

737

74.8

249

25.2

Rare (once a month)

75

5.1

46

61.3

29

38.7

Occasionally (once week)

61

4.1

37

60.7

24

39.3

Often (2–3 times per week)

54

3.6

35

64.8

19

35.2

Very often (3–5 times per week)

27

1.7

14

51.9

13

58.1

Daily (5–7 times per week)

297

19.3

85

29.8

212

71.2

Number of cigarettes

      

13.41

3

0.004

None

986

69.3

773

74.8

248

25.2

1-10

236

15.8

161

67.4

75

32.6

11-20

77

5.1

56

72.7

21

27.3

21-60

201

9.7

91

63.7

73

36.3

Alcohol consumption

      

4.03

5

0.544

Never

412

27.3

292

70.9

120

29.1

Rare(once a month)

496

33.3

357

71.0

139

28.0

Occasionally (once week)

414

27.6

310

74.9

104

25.1

Often (2–3 times per week)

126

8.3

89

70.6

37

29.4

Very often (3–5 times per week)

42

2.8

27

64.3

15

35.7

Daily (5–7 times per week)

10

0.7

6

60.0

4

40.0

Number of drinks

      

0.70

3

0.873

No alcohol consumption

412

41.1

284

70.6

120

29.4

1-2

600

33.3

435

72.7

165

27.3

3-4

358

17.3

261

72.9

97

27.1

5-16

130

8.3

93

71.5

37

28.5

Drugs addiction

      

11.98

5

0.035

No drugs use

1435

95.8

1042

72.7

393

27.3

Rare (once a month)

45

2.9

27

64.1

17

38.6

Occasionally (once week)

6

0.5

4

66.7

2

33.3

Often (2–3 times per week)

6

0.4

3

50.0

3

50.0

Very often (3–5 times per week)

5

0.2

1

20.0

4

80.0

Daily (5–7 times per week)

3

0.2

0

0,0

3

100.0

Type of substance used

      

8.59

2

0.014

No drugs used

1435

95.8

1042

72.7

394

27.3

Light drugs

61

4.1

37

61.6

24

38.4

Hard drugs

4

0.1

0

0.00

4

100.0