Table 6 History of childhood adversity

Grew up with constant parental criticism

7.1% (65)

4.0% (16)

9.4% (49)

.002

2.51

1.40-4.48

Was severely punished without reason

4.3% (40)

2.7% (11)

5.6% (29)

.040

2.10

1.04-4.26

Grew up with significant financial problems

31.0% (286)

33.3% (134)

29.2% (152)

.176

0.82

0.62-1.09

Witnessed family members being abused

1.3% 912)

0.5% (2)

1.9% (10)

.057

4.34

0.96-19.69

Has been subjected to physical abuse as a child

4.3% (40)

3.5% (14)

5.0% (26)

.263

1.46

0.75-2.83

Was sexually abused as a child

1.0% (9)

0.5% (2)

1.3% (7)

.212

2.73

0.56-13.21

Had significant problems due to father’s alcohol misuse

17.6% (154)

18.2% (70)

17.2% (84)

.699

0.93

0.66-1.32

Significant parental conflict during childhood

20.9% (182)

20.1% (76)

21.6% (106)

.594

1.09

0.79-1.52

Parents divorced/lived separately

8.1% (71)

5.2% (20)

10.3% (51)

.008

2.07

1.21-3.53

Mother worked abroad during childhood

13.7% (122)

10.3% (40)

16.4% (82)

.010

1.70

1.14-2.55

Mother died before person reached16 years

3.6% (29)

4.5% (16)

2.9% (13)

.217

0.63

0.30-1.32

Father died before person reached 16 years

12.5% (101)

12.1% (43)

12.8% (58)

.789

1.06

0.70-1.62