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Table 16 Characteristics and quality of studies included in restraint and seclusion domain

From: A systematic review of the international published literature relating to quality of institutional care for people with longer term mental health problems

Study (Country)

Type(s) of Mental Illness

Number of Participants

Type of Study

(Type of Setting)

Quality Assessment

Addington et al. 2005 (Canada)

Schizophrenia

Not applicable

Clinical guidance (inpatient and outpatient settings)

Not applicable

Bower et al. 2000 (USA)

Not specified

Not specified

Systematic review (223 studies) (inpatient psychiatric settings)

7/14

Donat 2002 (USA)

Severe mental illness

53

Case-control study (psychiatric hospital)

6/14

Donat 2003 (USA)

Severe mental illness

53

Case-control study (psychiatric hospital)

7/14

Fisher 1994 (USA)

Not specified

Not applicable

Descriptive review (inpatient settings)

6/14

Gaskin et al. 2007 (Australia)

Not specified

Not specified

Systematic review (16 studies) (psychiatric facilities)

11/14

Janssen et al. 2007 (The Netherlands)

Not specified

Not specified

Cross-sectional study (admission and long-stay psychiatric wards)

10/14

Khadivi et al. 2004 (USA)

Not specified

Not specified

Cross-sectional study (psychiatric inpatient setting)

6/14

Kostecka & Zardecka 1999 (Poland)

Not specified

866

Cross-sectional study (psychiatric hospital wards)

10/14

Lehman et al. 2004 (USA)

Schizophrenia

Not applicable

Clinical guidance (inpatient and outpatient settings)

Not applicable

McCue et al. 2004 (USA)

Not specified

10,753

Cohort study (inpatient setting)

12/14

McGorry et al. 2005 (New Zealand and Australia)

Schizophrenia and

related disorders

Not applicable

Clinical guidance (inpatient and outpatient settings)

Not applicable

Muralidharan & Fenton 2006 (USA)

Not specified

0

Systematic review (0 studies) (inpatient setting)

12/14

NICE 2002 (UK)

Schizophrenia

Not applicable

Clinical guidance (inpatient and outpatient settings)

Not applicable

Nelstrop et al. 2006 (UK)

Not specified

Not applicable

Systematic review (36 studies) (inpatient settings)

12/14

Palazzolo et al. 2001 (France)

Not specified

Not specified

Descriptive review (psychiatric hospitals)

6/14

Wynn 2002 (Norway)

Not specified

235

Cross-sectional study (psychiatric hospital)

9/14

Wynn 2004 (Norway)

Majority schizophrenia

12

Qualitative study (hospital wards)

3/5