From: Discontinuation of hypnotics during cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia
Hypnotics non-abusing (N = 13) | Hypnotics-abusing (N = 15) | Significance | |
---|---|---|---|
Age [years] | 45.23 (s.d. 14.53) | 42.27 (s.d. 13.54) | p = 0.58a |
Gender [female : male] | 9 : 4 | 10 : 5 | p = 0.60b |
Duration of disorder [insomnia length in months] | 48 (IQR 17–204)* | 60 (IQR 24–147)* | p = 0.62c |
Insomnia Severity Index [ISI] | 16.54 (s.d. 4.19) | 18.67 (s.d. 4.93) | p = 0.23a |
Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] | 12.15 (s.d. 5.83) | 11.40 (s.d. 4.88) | p = 0.71a |
Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] | 7.0 (IQR 2–11)* | 6.5 (IQR 2.0–9.25)* | p = 0.56c |
Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI] | 10.31 (s.d. 6.21) | 9.87 (s.d. 6.79) | p = 0.86a |
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAMD] | 7.85 (s.d. 3.36) | 5.80 (s.d. 3.38) | p = 0.12a |
modified Clinical Global Impression Severity [mCGI-S] | 10 (IQR 9–11)* | 8 (IQR 7–10)* | p = 0.18c |
Total sleep time TST [min] | 344.69 (s.d. 58.14) | 292.63 (s.d. 143.06) | p = 0.23a |
Sleep latency SL [min] | 26.0 (IQR 7.15–47.45)* | 27.2 (IQR 12.63–45.94)* | p = 0.72c |
Sleep efficiency SE [%] | 75.5 (IQR 63.5–82.0)* | 72.0 (IQR 64.0–81.0)* | p = 0.86c |
Wake after sleep onset WASO [min] | 72.42 (s.d. 55.84) | 87.37 (s.d. 58.72) | p = 0.50a |
Stage 1 [min] | 36.50 (s.d. 19.74) | 31.90 (s.d. 24.50) | p = 0.59a |
Stage 2 [min] | 153.96 (s.d. 82.50) | 154.37 (s.d. 40.50) | p = 0.98a |
Stage 3+4 [min] | 105.40 (s.d. 51.00) | 120.74 (s.d. 44.50) | p = 0.04 a |
REM [min] | 55.90 (s.d. 45.00) | 76.77 (s.d. 39.00) | p = 0.04 a |