|  | Current Study | Reidy & Keogh (1997) | Watson et al. (1995a) | Watson et al. (1995a) | Nitsche et al. (2001) | Ruth & Mehrotra (2001) | Clark et al. (1998) | Geisser et al. (2006) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Sample: | Outpatient | student | substance use patient | student | student | patient | inpatient | pain clinic patients | community pain patients |
 | Mean Age: | 17.78 | 27.54 | 39.3 | - | - | 28 | 41.12 | 46.3 | 53.8 |
 |  |  | Scale Means (SD) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Male | GD: M | 41.23 (13.67) | 33.56 (12.30) | 34.90 (12.30) | 34.50 (9.00) | - | - | - | - | - |
 | GD: A | 23.17 (8.43) | 19.63 (7.70) | 21.60 (7.50) | 22.30 (6.40) | - | - | - | - | - |
 | GD: D | 30.58 (11.98) | 22.06 (10.20) | 28.00 (10.00) | 24.50 (8.70) | - | - | - | - | - |
 | AA | 32.78 (13.24) | 26.91 (11.10) | 28.30 (10.40) | 27.80 (9.40) | - | - | - | - | - |
 | AD | 74.15 (15.92) | 54.72 (16.50) | 65.50 (14.80) | 55.60 (13.40) | - | - | - | - | - |
Female | GD: M | 46.09 (14.61) | 32.33 (10.60) | - | 35.20 (9.20) | - | - | - | - | - |
 | GD: A | 26.44 (9.81) | 19.17 (6.80) | - | 23.60 (6.30) | - | - | - | - | - |
 | GD: D | 35.05 (13.17) | 21.69 (9.40) | - | 25.80 (8.80) | - | - | - | - | - |
 | AA | 34.91 (13.48) | 24.23 (8.80) | - | 27.10 (8.20) | - | - | - | - | - |
 | AD | 76.86 (18.34) | 56.52 (14.70) | - | 54.20 (13.90) | - | - | - | - | - |
Total | GD: M | 44.20 (14.40) | - | - | - | 36.76 (9.21) | 33.27 (13.47) | 49.41 (7.18) | 37.7 (11.9) | 32.1 (10.2) |
 | GD: A | 25.17 (9.40) | - | - | - | 22.88 (6.29) | 21.82 (9.06) | 31.53 (6.78) | 22.9 (7.3) | 19.7 (6.4) |
 | GD: D | 33.31 (12.86) | - | - | - | 27.24 (9.01) | 26.12 (11.79) | 45.21 (5.86) | 27.1 (10.9) | 22.4 (8.6) |
 | AA | 34.08 (13.38) | - | - | - | 27.60 (8.29) | 29.63 (13.96) | 34.12 (10.25) | 31.2 (10.1) | 26.9 (7.5) |
 | AD | 75.81 (17.43) | - | - | - | 57.39 (13.73) | 64.98 (16.93) | 87.53 (9.48) | 66.9 (16.2) | 57.3 (15.6) |