NEO-PI-R scales | Never-smokers (n = 341) | Former-smokers (n = 429) | Current-smokers (n = 318) | F | Partial η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neuroticism | 48.9 (.51)a | 50.7 (.46)b | 51.6 (.55)b | 6.9** | .013 |
Extraversion | 48.8 (.44) | 49.3 (.40) | 48.4 (.48) | 1.0 | .002 |
Openness | 45.6 (.44) | 46.4 (.39) | 46.5 (.47) | 1.2 | .002 |
Agreeableness | 50.9 (.49) | 50.9 (.44) | 49.9 (.52) | 1.3 | .002 |
Conscientiousness | 49.4 (.52)a | 49.0 (.46)a | 47.0 (.55)b | 5.5** | .010 |
N1: Anxiety | 49.7 (.46)a | 51.0 (.41)b | 51.7 (.50)b | 4.7** | .009 |
N2: Angry Hostility | 49.5 (.50)a | 50.7 (.45)a | 52.3 (.54)b | 6.9** | .013 |
N3: Depression | 49.3 (.57)a | 50.8 (.51)a | 53.1 (.61)b | 10.0** | .019 |
N4: Self-consciousness | 48.4 (.52)a | 50.1 (.46)b | 50.0 (.56)b | 3.6* | .007 |
N5: Impulsiveness | 48.3 (.48)a | 49.8 (.43)b | 49.7 (.52)b | 3.4* | .007 |
N6: Vulnerability | 49.3 (.58)a | 50.4 (.52)a | 52.7 (.63)b | 7.9** | .015 |
E1: Warmth | 48.9 (.52) | 48.4 (.46) | 47.2 (.56) | 2.4 | .005 |
E2: Gregariousness | 50.5 (.50) | 51.0 (.45) | 49.7 (.54) | 1.7 | .003 |
E3: Assertiveness | 50.1 (.51) | 49.6 (.46) | 49.2 (.55) | 0.7 | .001 |
E4: Activity | 48.1 (.49) | 47.3 (.43) | 46.9 (.52) | 1.5 | .003 |
E5: Excitement-Seeking | 46.9 (.47)a | 47.7 (.42)a | 49.0 (.50)b | 4.4* | .008 |
E6: Positive Emotions | 48.9 (.51)a | 48.9 (.46)a | 47.0 (.55)b | 3.9* | .007 |
O1: Fantasy | 47.8 (.44) | 48.5 (.39) | 48.3 (.47) | 0.7 | .001 |
O2: Aesthetics | 48.3 (.48) | 49.4 (.43) | 49.4 (.52) | 1.7 | .003 |
O3: Feelings | 46.7 (.46) | 47.6 (.41) | 47.0 (.50) | 1.2 | .002 |
O4: Actions | 45.2 (.50) | 46.1 (.45) | 46.0 (.54) | 1.0 | .002 |
O5: Ideas | 46.5 (.48) | 46.9 (.43) | 48.1 (.52) | 2.7 | .005 |
O6: Values | 45.0 (.45) | 45.6 (.40) | 44.6 (.48) | 1.4 | .003 |
A1: Trust | 47.2 (.53) | 46.6 (.47) | 46.2 (.57) | 0.9 | .002 |
A2: Straightforwardness | 50.7 (.50) | 51.0 (.44) | 50.2 (.53) | 0.7 | .001 |
A3: Altruism | 50.2 (.52)a | 51.6 (.46)b | 49.9 (.55)a | 3.5* | .007 |
A4: Compliance | 50.5 (.55)a | 48.8 (.49)b | 48.4 (.59)b | 3.8* | .007 |
A5: Modesty | 50.9 (.50) | 51.5 (.45) | 51.1 (.54) | 0.3 | .001 |
A6: Tender-mindedness | 52.0 (.50) | 52.4 (.44) | 52.2 (.53) | 0.2 | .000 |
C1: Competence | 50.0 (.56)a | 49.9 (.50)a | 46.7 (.60)b | 10.2** | .019 |
C2: Order | 47.5 (.47) | 47.0 (.42) | 46.8 (.51) | 0.5 | .001 |
C3: Dutifulness | 49.0 (.51)a | 48.5 (.45)a | 45.9 (.55)b | 9.0** | .017 |
C4: Achievement Striving | 49.0 (.55)a | 48.4 (.49)a | 46.4 (.58)b | 5.4** | .010 |
C5: Self-Discipline | 48.6 (.55)a | 47.7 (.49)a | 46.3 (.59)b | 3.8* | .007 |
C6: Deliberation | 53.5 (.53)a | 52.6 (.48)a | 50.0 (.57)b | 10.1** | .019 |