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Table 2 Mean personality traits for never, former, and current cigarette smokers.

From: Five-Factor Model personality profiles of drug users

NEO-PI-R scales

Never-smokers (n = 341)

Former-smokers (n = 429)

Current-smokers (n = 318)

F

Partial η2

Neuroticism

48.9 (.51)a

50.7 (.46)b

51.6 (.55)b

6.9**

.013

Extraversion

48.8 (.44)

49.3 (.40)

48.4 (.48)

1.0

.002

Openness

45.6 (.44)

46.4 (.39)

46.5 (.47)

1.2

.002

Agreeableness

50.9 (.49)

50.9 (.44)

49.9 (.52)

1.3

.002

Conscientiousness

49.4 (.52)a

49.0 (.46)a

47.0 (.55)b

5.5**

.010

N1: Anxiety

49.7 (.46)a

51.0 (.41)b

51.7 (.50)b

4.7**

.009

N2: Angry Hostility

49.5 (.50)a

50.7 (.45)a

52.3 (.54)b

6.9**

.013

N3: Depression

49.3 (.57)a

50.8 (.51)a

53.1 (.61)b

10.0**

.019

N4: Self-consciousness

48.4 (.52)a

50.1 (.46)b

50.0 (.56)b

3.6*

.007

N5: Impulsiveness

48.3 (.48)a

49.8 (.43)b

49.7 (.52)b

3.4*

.007

N6: Vulnerability

49.3 (.58)a

50.4 (.52)a

52.7 (.63)b

7.9**

.015

E1: Warmth

48.9 (.52)

48.4 (.46)

47.2 (.56)

2.4

.005

E2: Gregariousness

50.5 (.50)

51.0 (.45)

49.7 (.54)

1.7

.003

E3: Assertiveness

50.1 (.51)

49.6 (.46)

49.2 (.55)

0.7

.001

E4: Activity

48.1 (.49)

47.3 (.43)

46.9 (.52)

1.5

.003

E5: Excitement-Seeking

46.9 (.47)a

47.7 (.42)a

49.0 (.50)b

4.4*

.008

E6: Positive Emotions

48.9 (.51)a

48.9 (.46)a

47.0 (.55)b

3.9*

.007

O1: Fantasy

47.8 (.44)

48.5 (.39)

48.3 (.47)

0.7

.001

O2: Aesthetics

48.3 (.48)

49.4 (.43)

49.4 (.52)

1.7

.003

O3: Feelings

46.7 (.46)

47.6 (.41)

47.0 (.50)

1.2

.002

O4: Actions

45.2 (.50)

46.1 (.45)

46.0 (.54)

1.0

.002

O5: Ideas

46.5 (.48)

46.9 (.43)

48.1 (.52)

2.7

.005

O6: Values

45.0 (.45)

45.6 (.40)

44.6 (.48)

1.4

.003

A1: Trust

47.2 (.53)

46.6 (.47)

46.2 (.57)

0.9

.002

A2: Straightforwardness

50.7 (.50)

51.0 (.44)

50.2 (.53)

0.7

.001

A3: Altruism

50.2 (.52)a

51.6 (.46)b

49.9 (.55)a

3.5*

.007

A4: Compliance

50.5 (.55)a

48.8 (.49)b

48.4 (.59)b

3.8*

.007

A5: Modesty

50.9 (.50)

51.5 (.45)

51.1 (.54)

0.3

.001

A6: Tender-mindedness

52.0 (.50)

52.4 (.44)

52.2 (.53)

0.2

.000

C1: Competence

50.0 (.56)a

49.9 (.50)a

46.7 (.60)b

10.2**

.019

C2: Order

47.5 (.47)

47.0 (.42)

46.8 (.51)

0.5

.001

C3: Dutifulness

49.0 (.51)a

48.5 (.45)a

45.9 (.55)b

9.0**

.017

C4: Achievement Striving

49.0 (.55)a

48.4 (.49)a

46.4 (.58)b

5.4**

.010

C5: Self-Discipline

48.6 (.55)a

47.7 (.49)a

46.3 (.59)b

3.8*

.007

C6: Deliberation

53.5 (.53)a

52.6 (.48)a

50.0 (.57)b

10.1**

.019

  1. Note. Estimated marginal means (Standard Errors), statistical tests, and effect sizes computed after controlling for age, sex, ethnicity (black, white), and education (n = 1058).
  2. Means with different superscripts differ significantly at p < .05.
  3. * p < .05; ** p < .01