No. | Â | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|
Internal causative factors | Â | Â | |
5 | It is difficult to prevent patients from becoming violent or aggressive. | 2.5 | 0.8 |
7 | Patients are aggressive because they are ill. | 2.2 | 0.7 |
9 | There appear to be types of patients who frequently become aggressive towards staff. | 2.2 | 0.8 |
12 | Patients who are aggressive towards staff should try to control their feelings. | 3.1 | 1.0 |
17 | Aggressive patients will calm down automatically if left alone. | 2.6 | 0.7 |
External causative factors | |||
1 | Patients are aggressive because of the environment they are in. | 2.4 | 0.9 |
19 | Restrictive care environments can contribute towards patient aggression and violence. | 1.8 | 0.5 |
30 | If the physical environment were different, patients would be less aggressive. | 1.9 | 0.9 |
Situational/interactional causative factors | |||
2 | Other people make patients aggressive or violent. | 2.2 | 0.7 |
3 | Patients commonly become aggressive because staff do not listen to them. | 2.5 | 1.0 |
8 | Poor communication between staff and patients leads to patient aggression. | 2.0 | 0.7 |
23 | Improved one to one relationships between staff and patients can reduce the incidence of patient aggression and violence. | 1.5 | 0.6 |
26 | It is largely situations that contribute towards the expression of aggression by patients. | 2.3 | 0.7 |
Cultural/gender causative factors | |||
4 | Gender mix of staff on the wards is important in the management of aggression. | 1.9 | 0.9 |
6 | Patients from particular cultural groups are more prone to aggression. | 2.2 | 0.9 |
10 | Cultural misunderstandings between patients and staff can lead to aggression. | 1.9 | 0.8 |