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Table 1 Sample characteristics

From: Pain, not chronic disease, is associated with the recurrence of depressive and anxiety disorders

Characteristics

Population Nā€‰=ā€‰1122 (%)

Sample characteristics

Ā 

Female gender,%

765 (68.2%)

Age in years, Mean (SD)

43.4 (12.8)

Education in years, Mean (SD)

12.5 (3.2)

Recency of last episode (ā‰¤1Ā year),%

160 (14.3%)

History of both depression and anxiety,%

543 (48.4%)

QIDS score, Mean (SD)

5.4 (3.7)

BAI, Mean (SD)

7.2 (6.4)

Physical health characteristics

Ā 

Chronic disease category,%

Ā 

Cardiometabolic

Ā 

ā€ƒHypertension, angina pectoris, history of cardiac disease, stroke, diabetes

185 (16.5%)

Respiratory

Ā 

ā€ƒAsthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema

88 (7.8%)

Musculoskeletal

Ā 

ā€ƒOsteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, erythematodes, fibromyalgia

112 (10.0%)

Digestive

Ā 

ā€ƒUlcer, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohnā€™s disease, colitis, ulcerosa, diverticulitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, constipation

101 (9.0%)

Neurological

Ā 

ā€ƒMigraine, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, peripheral, neuropathy, hernia

48 (4.3%)

Endocrine

Ā 

ā€ƒThyroid dysfunction

36 (3.2%)

Cancer

Ā 

ā€ƒThroat, thyroid, lymphoid, lung, esophagus, bowel, stomach, liver, uterus, cervix, ovary, bladder, testicle, prostate, skin, brain, blood

83 (7.4%)

Number of chronic diseases, Mean (SD)

0.6 (0.8)

Pain location,%1

Ā 

ā€ƒNeck

238 (21.2%)

ā€ƒBack

297 (26.5%)

ā€ƒHead

288 (25.7%)

ā€ƒOrofacial

59 (5.3%)

ā€ƒAbdominal

189 (16.8%)

ā€ƒJoints

245 (21.8%)

ā€ƒChest

80 (7.1%)

Number of pain locations, Mean (SD)1

1.2 (1.9)

Duration of Painā€‰ā‰„ā€‰90Ā days,%

355 (31.6%)

Chronic Pain Grade (CPG)

Ā 

CPG 0-1

720 (64.2%)

CPG 2

246 (21.9%)

CPG 3

101 (9.0%)

CPG 4

54 (4.8%)

Outcome,%

Ā 

Recurrence of depression disorder

292 (26.0%)

Recurrence of anxiety disorder

255 (22.7%)

Recurrence of depressive and/or anxiety disorder

424 (37.8%)

Duration of follow up in months, Mean (SD)

30.0 (13.4)

  1. 1Pain locations were only taken into account when CPGā€‰ā‰„ā€‰2.
  2. Abbreviations: CPG Chronic Pain Grade, QIDS Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory.