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Table 3 Association between site of pain and risk for poor mental health

From: A greater number of somatic pain sites is associated with poor mental health in adolescents: a cross-sectional study

  

GHQ-12≧4

Odds ratioa)

 

N

N

%

(95% Confidence Interval)

no pain

7793

2252

28.9

(reference)

headache only

2272

1015

44.7

1.80 (1.62-2.01)

neck and shoulder pain only

1000

505

50.5

1.97 (1.69-2.29)

abdominal pain only

2293

1049

45.7

1.84 (1.65-2.05)

headache and neck and shoulder pain

690

435

63.0

3.31 (2.75-3.97)

headache and abdominal pain

2173

1308

60.2

3.09 (2.76-3.47)

abdominal pain and neck and shoulder pain

600

369

61.5

2.93 (2.41-3.55)

  1. a) odds ratio adjusted for age, gender, alcohol use, smoking, drug use, sleeping time, experience of being bullied and violence from parents.