Skip to main content

Table 2 Summary of articles identified in the literature search that compare ≥2 long-acting MPH formulations

From: Long-acting methylphenidate formulations in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review of head-to-head studies

Author, year

Long-acting MPH formulation and dosinga

Sample size Age range

Diagnosis

Comorbid conditions

Outcome measures

Pharmacokinetic studies

Gonzalez et al., 2002 [20]

Concerta® (18, 36, 54 mg)

n = 36

Not applicable

Not stated

PK parameters for 24 hours post-dose, including bioequivalence

Equasym XL® (20, 40, 60 mg)

21–40 years

Haessler et al., 2008 [26]

Ritalin LA® (40 mg)

n = 28

Not applicable

Not stated

PK parameters for 24 hours post-dose, including bioequivalence

Medikinet® retard (40 mg)

18–30 years

Markowitz et al., 2003 [22]

Concerta® (18 mg)

n = 20

Not applicable

Not stated

PK parameters for 24 hours post-dose, including bioequivalence

Ritalin LA® (20 mg)

21–34 years

Modi et al., 2000 [23]

Concerta® (18 mg)

n = 36

Not applicable

Not stated

PK parameters for 30 hours post-dose

Ritalin SR® (20 mg)

18–41 years

Pierce et al., 2010 [24]

Concerta® (18, 27, 36, 54 mg)

n = 71

ADHD according to DSM-IV-TR criteria

Possibly ODD

PK properties of d,l-MPH after single, multiple, fixed and escalating doses of Concerta® and Daytrana®

Daytrana® (10, 15, 20, 30 mg/9 hours)

6–17 years

Reiz et al., 2008 [25]

Concerta® (18 mg)

n = 24

Not applicable

Not stated

PK parameters for 24 hours post-dose, including bioequivalence

Biphentin® (20 mg)

19–25 years

Schutz et al., 2009 [28]

Equasym XL® (20 mg)

n = 14

Not applicable

Not stated

PK parameters for 24 hours post-dose, including bioequivalence

Medikinet® retard (20 mg)

22–43 years

Spencer et al., 2010 [21]

Concerta® (36 mg)

n = 21

Not applicable

Not stated

PET imaging

Equasym XL® (40 mg)

18–55 years

Tuerck et al., 2007 [27]

Focalin XR® (20 mg)

n = 25

Not applicable

Not stated

PK parameters for 24 hours post-dose, including bioequivalence

Ritalin LA® (40 mg)

19–45 years

Laboratory school studies

Lopez et al., 2003 [31]

Concerta® (18, 36 mg)

n = 36

ADHD according to C-DISC criteria

Not stated

SKAMP-Attention; SKAMP-Deportment; SKAMP-Combined; Math-Attempted; Math-Correct

Ritalin LA® (20 mg)

6–12 years

Muniz et al., 2008 [33]

Concerta® (36, 54 mg)

n = 84

Combined-type ADHD (89%); Inattentive-type ADHD (11%) according to DSM-IV criteria, established by C-DISC

Not stated

SKAMP-Combined; SKAMP-Attention; SKAMP-Deportment; Math-Attempted; Math-Correct; CPRS

Focalin XR® (20, 30 mg)

6–12 years

Schulz et al., 2010 [38]

Ritalin LA® (20 mg)

n = 147

Combined-type ADHD (55%); Inattentive-type ADHD (37%); Hyperactive/impulsive-type ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria, confirmed by K-SADS

Disturbance in social behaviour (n = 4), initial insomnia (n = 2), ODD (n = 2), dysphemia (n = 1), encopresis (n = 1)

SKAMP-Combined; Math-Attempted; Math-Correct; NCBRF-TIQ

Medikinet® retard (20 mg)

6–14 years

Silva et al., 2005 [32]

Concerta® (18 mg)

n = 54

Combined inattentive/hyperactive-type ADHD (70%); Inattentive-type ADHD (28%); Hyperactive/impulsive-type ADHD (2%) according to DSM-IV criteria

Not stated

SKAMP-Attempted; SKAMP-Deportment; SKAMP-Combined; Math-Attempted; Math-Correct

Ritalin LA® (20 mg)

6–12 years

Silva et al., 2008 [18]

Concerta® (36, 54 mg) Focalin XR® (20, 30 mg)

n = 82 6–12 years

Combined-type ADHD (94%); Inattentive-type (6%) according to DSM-IV criteria

Not stated

SKAMP-Attention; SKAMP-Deportment; SKAMP-Combined; Math-Attempted; Math-Correct; CPRS

Sonuga-Barke et al., 2004 [34]

Concerta® (18, 36, 54 mg) Equasym XL® (20, 40, 60 mg)

n = 184 6–12 years

Combined-type (82%); Inattentive-type (13%); Hyperactive/impulsive-type (5%) according to DSM-IV criteria and confirmed by DISC

Comorbid condition (25%), including anxiety and ODD

Placebo-adjusted SKAMP-Combined

Post-hoc study of COMACS [37]

 

Sonuga-Barke et al., 2007 [35]

Concerta® (18, 36, 54 mg) Equasym XL® (20, 40, 60 mg)

n = 184 6–12 years

Females: Combined-type (77%); Inattentive-type (15%); Hyperactive/impulsive-type (8%). Males: Combined-type (84%); Inattentive-type (12.4%); Hyperactive/impulsive-type (4%)

Comorbid condition (25%), including anxiety and ODD

SKAMP-Combined; PERMP

Post-hoc study of COMACS [37]

 

Sonuga-Barke et al., 2008 [36]

Concerta® (18, 36, 54 mg)

n = 184

Combined-type (82%); Inattentive-type (13%); Hyperactive/impulsive-type (5%) according to DSM-IV criteria, confirmed by DISC

Comorbid condition (25%), including anxiety and ODD

GMM analysis

Equasym XL® (20, 40, 60 mg)

6–12 years

Post-hoc study of COMACS [37]

Swanson et al., 2004 [37]

Concerta® (18, 36, 54 mg)

n = 184

Combined-type (82%); Inattentive-type (13%); Hyperactive/impulsive-type (5%) according to DSM-IV criteria, confirmed by DISC

Comorbid condition (25%), including anxiety and ODD

SKAMP-Attention; SKAMP-Deportment; PERMP

Equasym XL® (20, 40, 60 mg)

6–12 years

COMACS study

Randomized controlled trials

Doepfner et al., 2011 [42]

Concerta® (18, 36 mg)

n = 113

Combined-type ADHD according to DSM-IV, confirmed by interview (DCL-ADHD)

ODD or conduct disorder (36%)

SKAMP-D; DAYAS; FBB-ADHD

Medikinet® retard (10, 20, 30 mg)

6–16 years

Findling et al., 2008 [43]

Concerta® (18, 27, 36, 54 mg)

n = 282

Combined-type ADHD (71–86%); Inattentive-type ADHD (11–26%); Hyperactive/impulsive-type ADHD (1–2%) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria

Possibly ODD

ADHD-RS-IV mean total score; CTRS-R; CPRS-R; CGI–S; CGI–I; PGA; MPH plasma concentrations at 7.5, 9 and 10 hours post-dose

Daytrana® (10, 15, 20, 30 mg)

6–12 years

Switching studies

Arnold et al., 2010 [46]

Concerta® (18, 27, 36, 45, 54 mg)

n = 171

Combined-type ADHD (77%); Inattentive-type ADHD (21%); Hyperactive/impulsive -type ADHD (2%) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria

Possibly ODD

ADHD-RS-IV mean total scores; CGI–I; PGA, CPRS-R; CGI–S

Ritalin LA® (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg)

6–12 years

Equasym XL® (10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg)

Daytrana® (10, 15, 20, 30 mg)

Bukstein et al., 2009 [47]

Concerta® (18, 27, 36, 45, 54 mg)

n = 171

See Arnold et al., 2010 [46]

Possibly ODD

AIM-C; MSS

Ritalin LA® (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg)

6–12 years

Equasym XL® (10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg)

Daytrana® (10, 15, 20, 30 mg)

Dirksen et al., 2002 [48]

Equasym XL® (20, 40, 60 mg)

n = 308

ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria (diagnostic code 314.01)

Not stated

CGI–I; CGI–S; CGI-Efficacy Index

Concerta® (18, 36, 54, 72 mg)

6–17 years

Other long-acting MPH (excluding Concerta®; dose not stated)

Observational studies

Doepfner et al., 2011 [49]

Equasym XL® (10–120 mg)

n = 822

Disturbance of activity/attention (F90.0; 55%); hyperkinetic conduct disorder (F90.1; 36%); other hyperkinetic disorders (F90.8; 8%) according to ICD-10 criteria

Not stated

CGI–S; CGI–I; FBB-ADHD; DAYAS; SDQ-P

Other long-acting MPH (most commonly Medikinet® retard; approximately 0.85 mg/kg/day)

6–17 years

OBSEER study

Doepfner et al., 2011 [50]

Equasym XL® (10–120 mg)

n = 782

For total study sample (n = 822) see Doepfner et al., 2011 [49]

Not stated

FBB-ADHD; CGI–S; DAYAS; KINDL

Other long-acting MPH (mean [SD] 29.2 [11.28] mg)

6–17 years

Post-hoc study of OBSEER [49]

Rothenberger et al., 2011 [51]

See Doepfner et al., 2011 [49]

n = 822 6–17 years

See Doepfner et al., 2011 [49]

Not stated

KINDL; SAMS

Post-hoc study of OBSEER [49]

Meta-analyses

Faraone et al., 2006 [55]

Equasym XL®; Ritalin LA®;

n = 29 articles

  

Effect size expressed as SMD

Concerta®; Daytrana®

Children and adolescents

Faraone and Buitelaar, 2010 [56]

Equasym XL®; Ritalin LA®;

n = 23 articles

  

Effect size expressed as SMD

Concerta®; Daytrana®

Children and adolescents

Faraone and Glatt, 2010 [57]

Concerta®;

n = 18 articles

  

Effect size expressed as SMD

Focalin XR®

Adults

Peterson et al., 2008 [58]

Concerta®;

n = 22 articles

  

Ratio of relative risks

Focalin XR®

Adults

Systematic reviews

Banaschewski et al., 2006 [52]

Concerta®; Ritalin LA®; Equasym XL®; Medikinet® retard

Not stated

  

Effect size expressed as SMD

Brams et al., 2008 [53]

Concerta®; Daytrana®; Focalin XR®; Equasym XL®; Ritalin LA®

n = 18 articles

  

SKAMP, CADS-T, IOWA Conners’ Rating Scale, ADHD-RS-IV, PERMP, CGIS-T

Children and adolescents

Brams et al., 2010 [19]

Concerta®; Focalin XR®; Equasym XL®; Ritalin LA®

n = 15 articles

  

PERMP

Children, adolescents and adults

Swanson et al., 2002 [54]

Concerta®; Equasym XL®; Ritalin LA®

Not stated

  

SKAMP, 10-Minute Math Test, PK measures, effect size

  1. ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHD-RS-IV, ADHD Rating Scale-version IV; AIM-C, ADHD Impact Module-Children; C-DISC, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children 1997; CADS-T, Conners’ ADHD/DSM-IV Scale for teachers; CGI–I, Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement; CGI–S, Clinical Global Impressions–Severity of Illness; CGIS-T, Conners’ Global Index Scale for teachers; CPRS, Conners’ Parent Rating Scale; CTRS-R, Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale-Revised; DAYAS, Day Profile of ADHD Symptoms; DCL, Diagnostic Checklist for ADHD; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition; DSM-IV-TR, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition, Text Revision; FBB-ADHD, Fremdbeurteilungsbogen für Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit–Hyperaktivitätsstörung (German symptom checklist for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder); GMM, Growth Mixture Modelling; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, version 10; KINDL, Kinder Lebensqualitatsfragebogen; IOWA, Inattention/Overactivity With Aggression; K-SADS, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia; MPH, methylphenidate; MSS, Medication Satisfaction Survey; NCBRF-TIQ, Nisonger Child Behaviour Rating Form; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; PERMP, permanent product measure of performance; PET, Positron Emission Tomography; PGA, Parent Global Assessment; PK, pharmacokinetic; SAMS; Satisfaction with Medication Scale; SD, Standard deviation; SDQ-P, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Parents; SKAMP, Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn and Pelham Rating Scale; SKAMP-D, German version of Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn and Pelham Rating Scale; SMD, Standard Mean Difference.
  2. aLong-acting stimulants other than methylphenidate have not been included.
Back to article page

BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

Contact us