Table 1 Background characteristics of the study population and survey question frequency data (N = 674)
Age at time of tsunami, years (mean, range) | 43.0, 18-81 | |
n | % | |
Gender | ||
Male | 315 | 46.7 |
Female | 359 | 53.3 |
Married or cohabiting prior to the tsunami | ||
Yes | 477 | 71.8 |
No | 187 | 28.2 |
Married or cohabiting at T1 | ||
Yes | 452 | 70.3 |
No | 191 | 27.7 |
Education | ||
< 13 years | 276 | 41.1 |
≥ 13 years | 396 | 58.9 |
Employed prior to the tsunami | ||
Yes | 495 | 73.4 |
No | 179 | 26.6 |
Employed at T1 | ||
Yes | 467 | 69.3 |
No | 207 | 30.7 |
Pre-tsunami mental health problems | ||
No | 505 | 75.7 |
Yes | 162 | 24.7 |
Chased or caught by the waves | ||
No | 424 | 64.3 |
Yes | 235 | 35.7 |
Witnessed abandoned children, death or suffering of others | ||
No | 249 | 37.9 |
Yes | 408 | 62.1 |
Loss of family members or close friends | ||
No | 622 | 92.7 |
Yes | 49 | 7.3 |
Experienced intense fear, helplessness, or horror | ||
No | 191 | 30.7 |
Yes | 431 | 69.3 |
Referred to a mental health specialist | ||
No | 611 | 90.7 |
Yes | 63 | 9.3 |
Experienced ≥2 adverse life events last 12 months at T2 | ||
No | 438 | 65.6 |
Yes | 230 | 43.4 |