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Table 5 Logistic regression analysis on sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the prescription of antidepressants/benzodiazepines/both

From: Prevalence of and factors related to the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study

 

AD

BZD

AD and/or BZD

Variable

OR

(95% CI)

p

OR

(95% CI)

p

OR

(95% CI)

p

Age Group

         

   18-34

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   35-49

2.91

(0.75,11.35)

0.12

1.27

(0.42,3.85)

0.67

1.91

(0.75,4.82)

0.17

   50-64

3.49

(0.82,14.76)

0.09

0.6

(0.14,2.59)

0.49

1.35

(0.44,4.09)

0.60

   65+

4.67

(0.54,40.56)

0.16

1.4

(0.19,10.53)

0.75

2.2

(0.44,10.93)

0.34

Ethnicity

         

   Chinese

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Malay

0.39

(0.15,1.01)

0.05

0.38

(0.16,0.88)

0.02

0.33

(0.16,0.67)

0.002

   Indian

0.96

(0.46,2)

0.91

0.5

(0.23,1.06)

0.07

0.72

(0.41,1.28)

0.26

   Others

1.15

(0.27,4.91)

0.85

0.81

(0.24,2.7)

0.73

1.14

(0.42,3.1)

0.79

Gender

         

   Male

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Female

1.27

(0.48,3.36)

0.64

0.96

(0.42,2.18)

0.912

1.31

(0.66,2.62)

0.45

Marital Status

         

   Single

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Married

0.29

(0.1,0.85)

0.02

1.13

(0.39,3.29)

0.83

0.43

(0.19,1)

0.05

   Divorced/Separated/Widowed

0.42

(0.06,2.73)

0.36

0.69

(0.08,5.88)

0.73

0.58

(0.14,2.44)

0.46

Education

         

   Pre-Pri/Primary

3.53

(1.06,11.75)

0.04

0.52

(0.08,3.29)

0.48

1.73

(0.62,4.78)

0.29

   Secondary

1.96

(0.57,6.68)

0.28

1.23

(0.41,3.67)

0.71

1.42

(0.59,3.43)

0.44

   Pre-U/JC/Diploma

0.7

(0.16,3.03)

0.64

1.1

(0.37,3.28)

0.86

0.88

(0.35,2.22)

0.79

   Vocational

0.29

(0.05,1.73)

0.17

0.57

(0.17,1.97)

0.38

0.43

(0.14,1.32)

0.14

   University

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Employment Status

         

   Employed

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Econ. Inactive*

1.53

(0.67,3.53)

0.32

1.28

(0.57,2.89)

0.55

1.22

(0.63,2.36)

0.56

   Unemployed

0.66

(0.13,3.31)

0.61

0.76

(0.15,3.76)

0.73

0.67

(0.22,2.03)

0.47

Help Seeking

         

   No

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Yes

31.62

(13.36,74.83)

<.0001

34.38

(12.97,91.16)

<.0001

32.18

(15.87,65.26)

<.0001

Chronic Physical Disorder

         

   No

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Yes

0.92

(0.36,2.39)

0.87

1.63

(0.69,3.85)

0.27

1.31

(0.65,2.65)

0.46

Mental disorders

         

Alcohol use disorder

         

   Never

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Lifetime

2.02

(0.6,6.72)

0.25

5.18

(1.77,15.16)

0.003

4.28

(1.7,10.78)

0.002

   12-month

0.78

(0.07,8.89)

0.84

3.41

(0.55,21.06)

0.19

2.82

(0.57,14.04)

0.21

Anxiety disorder

         

   Never

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Lifetime

4.05

(0.96,17.12)

0.06

3.48

(1.03,11.76)

0.04

4.49

(1.47,13.67)

0.008

   12-month

0.13

(0.01,1.32)

0.08

0.88

(0.17,4.47)

0.87

0.62

(0.14,2.78)

0.53

Bipolar disorder

         

   Never

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Lifetime

-

 

-

0.52

(0.08,3.47)

0.50

0.27

(0.04,1.86)

0.18

   12-month

-

 

-

2.04

(0.45,9.28)

0.36

1.77

(0.51,6.17)

0.37

Dysthymia

         

   Never

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   12-month

0.98

(0.02,43.52)

0.99

0.45

(0.05,4.24)

0.48

0.91

(0.05,16.04)

0.95

Major depressive disorder

         

   Never

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

Ref.

  

   Lifetime

1.3

(0.23,7.17)

0.77

1.59

(0.36,7.08)

0.54

1.42

(0.4,5.05)

0.59

   12-month

7.6

(2.28,25.39)

0.001

4.45

(1.5,13.19)

0.007

4.12

(1.63,10.45)

0.002

  1. *Economically Inactive refers to retirees, housewives and students.
  2. Lifetime prevalence does not include 12-month prevalence.
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